Unit 1; Energy for Life; The importance of ATP
- Created by: Former Member
- Created on: 06-12-16 09:10
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- The Importance of ATP
- ATP's role & characteristics
- universal energy currency as used in all cells to drive reactions
- Broken down for muscle movement, biosynthesis, active transport etc.
- Suited to role as:
- is inert: doesn't initiate response when introduced to bio tissue
- can pass out mitochondria to cytoplasm
- releases energy efficiently
- releases in usable quantities
- easily hydrolysed & readily reformed
- Chemiosmosis
- flow of protons down electrochemical gradient coupled with ATP synthesis from ADP+Pi
- in ATP synthesis, electrons & protons have different pathways
- H atoms transferred from a donor to a recipient along chain, each transfer is REDOX reaction that gives erngy
- energy from electron transfers pumps H atom protons across membrane creating conc gradient
- protons flow back down gradient in chemiosmosis through ATPsynthase
- The proton gradient
- in light-dep photosynthesis, electrons excited by photons move through ETC
- energy from transfers pumps protons & creates gradient, leads to chemiosmosis
- ATP made drives light-indep photo-synthesis.
- energy from transfers pumps protons & creates gradient, leads to chemiosmosis
- In respiration, electrons are excited by food energy
- energy released from ETC creates gradient, leads to chemiosmosis
- Apoptosis: programmed cell death, prevents proton gradient forming & causes death
- DNP: drug used in weight loss allows ETC but not ATP synthesis, body fatally overheats
- in light-dep photosynthesis, electrons excited by photons move through ETC
- Electron transport chain (ETC)
- series of proton carriers on mitochondria & chloroplast inner membrane
- releases energy in REDOX reactions & incorporates into ATP
- In respiration, H atoms transferred by dehydrogenase enzymes to coenzymes NAD & FAD
- NADH brings 2 protons & energy is released to synthesise 3 ATP
- FADH+ brings and 2 ATP synthesised
- NADH brings 2 protons & energy is released to synthesise 3 ATP
- photosynthesi; photosystems transfer excited electrons to electron acceptors then protein carriers
- ATP's role & characteristics
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