The impact of war communism & NEP on Russia
- Created by: book.of.wisdom
- Created on: 04-12-20 10:35
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- The impact of war communism & NEP on Russia
- War communism
- Impact on peasants
- possession of grain surpluses by the peasants was treated as hoarding
- Many peasants had abandoned the money economy and either bartered or hung on to their grain
- Bolsheviks sent armed detachments to the villages to seize grain
- Poor Peasants Committees established
- Resentments over land ownership
- The Bolsheviks empowered poorer peasants and set them against their wealthier kulak neighbours
- created division between peasants and middle classes
- put incharge of grain requisitioning in villages
- often acted illegally
- lead to revolts in 1918 and 1919
- often acted illegally
- Food brigades
- Nearly 80,000 troops left from Russia’s cities to the countryside
- plunder villages, seize grain, torture peasants
- Famine 1921
- level of requisitioning left some peasants with no food reserves at all
- Lenin and his government did not reducethe quotas
- killed 6 million people
- 10 millionpeople were fed by American, British and European aid
- level of requisitioning left some peasants with no food reserves at all
- possession of grain surpluses by the peasants was treated as hoarding
- Impact on workers
- Bolsheviks forced to tolerate workplace democracy
- introduced their own managers into all major factories, replacing the bourgeois managers
- Red Army was desperate for munitions and supplies
- protest groups called the Extraordinary Assemblies of Factory and Plant Representatives
- wanted democracy like Constituent Assembly
- strike in may 1918 shut down brutally by Bolsheviks and cheka
- wanted democracy like Constituent Assembly
- The Worker’s Opposition faction
- They protested against the lack of partydemocracy and decision making that had emerged during the war
- In 1922 Lenin banned factions within the party
- Bolsheviks forced to tolerate workplace democracy
- Uprisings
- Kronstadt Uprising Feb 1917
- sailors in Tsar's fleet joined revolution opposed Bolsheviks
- Antonov Rebellion
- Led by the peasant Social Revolutionary
- It took 100,000 Red Army soldiers using aircraft dropping poison gas to finally eradicate the rebels
- Led by the peasant Social Revolutionary
- Kronstadt Uprising Feb 1917
- Impact on peasants
- New Economic Policies
- Impact on peasants
- Bolshevik government allowed peasants to borrow money from the state
- very popular and effective measure with the peasantry
- the left of the party from being very suspicious of it
- very popular and effective measure with the peasantry
- Productivity improved in Russian agriculture under the NEP
- harvest yields continued to grow throughout the 1920s
- Mechanisation and the merging of the peasants’ fields into large scale farming operations was planned
- Bigger collectives, called Kommuny were less popular because land, livestock andtools became communally owned
- but the government also used financial pressure to encourage collectivisation
- Bolshevik government allowed peasants to borrow money from the state
- Impact on workers
- Resentment towards peasants
- lacked spending power, especially after inflation
- resentful of new generation of wealthy traders called NEP-men
- portrayed as gangsters, drinking champagne and having prostitutes in magazines
- workers wanted more freedoms but were scared of being seen as counter revolutionary
- caused a profound sense of crisis in them, with some worker party members even feeling suicidal
- Resentment towards peasants
- Disagreement in the party
- profusion of flea markets across Russia due to NEP, promoting capitalism
- widespread shock and disbelief that capitalism was being resurrected after civil war
- Impact on peasants
- War communism
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