The failure to compromise 1640-49
- Created by: Tori
- Created on: 05-02-20 18:58
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- The Failure to Compromise (1640-49)
- Divisions and the Drift Towards Civil War
- Unison among MP's
- In 1640 most MP's were united against the abuses of Chalres' Personal Rule.
- They agreed to abloish Ship Tax and passed the Triennial Act, meaning that the monarch would have to call a Parliament at least every 3 years.
- Meant that Charles wouldn't be able to repeat an extended period of Personal Rule.
- They agreed to abloish Ship Tax and passed the Triennial Act, meaning that the monarch would have to call a Parliament at least every 3 years.
- In 1640 most MP's were united against the abuses of Chalres' Personal Rule.
- Drifts among MP's
- Root and Branch petition (December 1640)
- The petition was from 15,000 London puritains and supported by the radical MP John Pym.
- Called for the removal of bishops from the church.
- Worried Conservatives as they believed it would threaten the established order.
- Bill of Attainder (1641)
- Used by Pym to justify the execution of Charles' principle minister Thomas Wentworth (Earl of Stafford).
- The bill made it so less evidence was needed to convict someone if they were regarded as a threat to the state.
- Conservatives regarded it as a device to bend the law in a way that was as much as a threat to the constitution as Charles' actions.
- Militia Bill (1641)
- Proposed that Parliament should control any army used to crush the Irish Rebellion that began in October 1641.
- Conservatives felt this undermined the most important royal prerogative - command of the army.
- Grand Remonstrance (1641)
- To try persuade wavering MP's to pass the militia bill, Pym produced the Grand Remonstrance.
- Listed the faults of Charles since 1625, hence showing why he shouldn't be trusted with the armed forces.
- Moderates in the Commons saw little point in dragging up old grievances which had been resolved by legislation already passed.
- Also disliked that the way it was adressed seemed to be not towards the King, but like an appeal to be people.
- To try persuade wavering MP's to pass the militia bill, Pym produced the Grand Remonstrance.
- Most moderate MP's saw this increasing and dangerous radicalism.
- The reaction to Pym and his supporters became know as 'Constitutional Royalism', a number of moderates willing to support royalism as a method of order and security.
- This helped create the two sides necessary for Civil War.
- The reaction to Pym and his supporters became know as 'Constitutional Royalism', a number of moderates willing to support royalism as a method of order and security.
- Root and Branch petition (December 1640)
- Unison among MP's
- The build up to Civil War
- The 'five members'
- January 1642 Charled tried to arrest his 5 main parliamentary opponents.
- Accused them of trying to overturn the laws and government of England and encouraging the Scots to invade.
- However, the 5 members had been warned of Charles' intentions and fled.
- Proved to be the final straw for Parliamentary opposition and showed how the King could no longer be trusted as he was trying to restore his authority by force.
- January 1642 Charled tried to arrest his 5 main parliamentary opponents.
- Consequence of the 'five members'
- Charles fled London with his wife and children.
- Felt initimidaated by the growing unrest and demonstrations in the city.
- Militia Bill
- Nineteen Propositions
- Passed in June 1642.
- Demands included:
- Lords and Commons should approve all Privy Councillors.
- Laws against Jesuits and recusants should be enforced.
- Militia should be placed under parlimentary control.
- Should be sweeping reform of the church.
- Parliament should supervise the upbringing and marriage of Charles' children.
- Charles fled London with his wife and children.
- Impact of the Nineteen Propositions
- Suggested that Parliament was not seriously intending to negotiate with the King due to the severity of the Propositions.
- Attempts to compromise had been broken down
- In July, Parliament voted to raise an army under the leadersthip of the Earl of Essex.
- In August, Charles raised his standard in Nottingham and declared war on Parliament.
- In July, Parliament voted to raise an army under the leadersthip of the Earl of Essex.
- The 'five members'
- Divisions and the Drift Towards Civil War
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