The evaluation of the evidence

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  • EVALUATION OF CLASSIC EVIDENCE
    • BIOLOGICAL BRAIN SCAN
      • methodology and procedures
        • casual conclusions can not be justified as IV was not deliberately manipulated.
        • PET scans can now see how it affects brain during CPT.
        • the murderers were not typical of all violent individuals, findings dont show all criminals have such brain dysfunction
      • alternate evidence
        • raine has other research with Yang, showed MAOA genetic could be a cause as it has high levels of dopamine
      • ethical issues
        • the reason why they may have a murdered could be due to a social aspect.
        • schizophrenics and others with learning disabilities etc  can struggle to consent
    • PSYCHODYNAMIC THIEVES
      • method and procedures
        • IV was not manipulated, no casual conclusions can be drawn
        • the record has strong qualitative data, it is only one view of a person
        • all 88 children were hurt, may not generalise sample to all kids
        • kids dont usually have mental illness
      • alternate evidence
        • lack of emotional care before 6 can be recoverable
        • adopted later = lack of physical + cog and emotional
      • ethical issues
        • participants weren't given confidentiality.
        • children should be informed
        • kids should know experiment
        • privacy.
    • BEHAVIOURIST BABY
      • methodology and procedures
        • was in a lab so could be controlled, it had a control condition
        • building blocks
        • was filmed
        • researcher had intention to do more. conclusions cant be drawn from one baby.
      • alternate evidence
        • mower explained it doesnt disappear, two process model was important.
        • first do classical, then do operant.
        • learning can not explain all phobia, biological preparedness exists from the past as an explanation
      • ethical issues
        • they were aware they distressed Albert and it is unethically acceptable.
        • could've stayed with him for life.
        • they removed his thumb to show true affects of fear, more psychological harm
        • could've lasted and had long term consequences
    • COGNITIVE EYE WITNESS
      • methodology and procedures
        • can show casual relationship, it was experiment so IV was manipulated
        • ecological validity matters
        • were US college students, other groups can be affect by misleading info and age difference
      • alternate evidence
        • college students asked about advertising material for Disney, info had misinformation, bugs was not Disney
        • Loftus.
      • ethical issues
        • they did not gain valid consent as if they were aware of aims it would have affected behaviour.
        • deception
        • participants weren't shown a real accident, this study avoided that issue,
        • psychological harm.
    • POSITIVE WHO IS HAPPY
      • methodology and procedures
        • data with Self report is subjective as of social desirability
        • when friends are asked about their friends happiness, they dont lie
        • we cant assume that any particular factor as the findings are correlational with intervening variables
        • it can be the other way around e.g happiness makes better marriage, than marriage making happiness.
        • very westernised
        • hint to other cultures, collective could be just as happy.
      • alternate evidence
        • one gene can be linked to happiness called 5-HIT genetic
        • 50% due to genetics 10% due to circumstance
        • 40% is self control
      • ethical issues
        • very little risk of harm as nothing is manipulated, need debrief.
        • to make sure it is a good source must follow ethical guidelines
        • it can make us feel more + or - about a group of people or culture.
        • sample may not have fair representation; ethnocentrism

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