BIO U.1
- Created by: Georgiaa2911
- Created on: 30-09-18 18:43
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- The Eight Characteristics of Life
- Sensitivity
- Ability to sense and respond to the external environment.
- Special receptors detect stimuli {light, sound, temperature and gravity} allowing the organism to alter its behaviour or growth.
- Respiration
- Process of releasing energy from food, and is a series of chemical reactions inside all living cells.
- The energy produced drives processes such as growth and movement, so is essential.
- Growth
- Organisms increase in size.
- Plants grow throughout their lifetime.
- Animals grow from young into adults, increasing in size and developing
- Movement
- All organisms move in a controlled way.
- Animals quickly and plants slowly. Not Venus fly trap.
- Excretion
- Removal of waste materials produced within cells (often during respiration) that would build up to toxic levels if not eliminated. (Urea, and carbon dioxide).
- Simple single-celled organisms eliminate these materials via diffusion, more complex organisms have organ systems e.g. kidneys and bladder
- Reproduction
- Allows organisms to continue the species after death, and to colonise new habitats to extend their range.
- Asexually when the offspring product of 1 parent so is genetically identical.
- Sexually when the offspring product of two parents. Gametes produced by both come together resulting in fertilisation –often by very elaborate means.
- Environment
- Control of the internal environment.
- Maintaining a constant internal temperature, maintaining a suitable oxygen concentration, water levels, even pH, all allow cellular processes to proceed at their optimum rates.
- Nutrition
- Organisms need a source of food which can be respired to produce energy.
- Plants combine carbon dioxide with water to produce simple sugars and oxygen as a by-product Photosynthesis. Autotrophs.
- Other organisms eat other plants and animals (heterotrophs), some by feeding on dead plants and animals (saprobionts) and some bacteria can oxidise inorganic compounds.
- Sensitivity
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