The developement of national markets and the cloth trade
- Created by: Tori
- Created on: 02-06-20 10:49
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- The developement of national markets and the cloth trade
- National markets
- In 1625 Britain had not established a single national economy.
- Regional economic activity was centred around market towns.
- This was due to difficulties with communication, alongside the absence of strong commerial enterprises.
- Industrial activity was also regional, linked to areas where raw materials were easily accessible.
- Manufacturing was not done in factories, but in homes or outhouse buildings in rural areas.
- Regional economic activity was centred around market towns.
- It was only gradually between 1625-88 that a broader, more national economy and market emerged.
- By 1688, the developement had been facilitated by the follwing:
- Better communication
- The navigability of many rivers was improved, allowing for the quicker movement of goods.
- Specialisation
- As communication improved many regions developed local specialties.
- Eg, Wiltshire because a centre for cheese making, its products being sold thorughout Britain.
- As communication improved many regions developed local specialties.
- Finance
- As a national economy began to take shape, a more sophisticated financial structure began to emerge.
- The developement of banks and other financial institutions.
- As a national economy began to take shape, a more sophisticated financial structure began to emerge.
- Urban developement
- In 1625, goods could only be bought from the markets in different towns.
- By 1688, shops had been established throughout the country, selling a wide range of goods to supply a growing comsumer market.
- In 1625, goods could only be bought from the markets in different towns.
- Better communication
- By 1688, the developement had been facilitated by the follwing:
- However, the creation of a national market and a unified economy was essentially limited to England and Wales.
- Scotland didn't gain a share in the new markets.
- Its agricultural land was not as productive as Englands, and the transport links between E+S were not well developed.
- Additionally, most English politicians showed no interest in Ireland at all.
- Ireland had a sepearate culture based on language and religion.
- Thus, the country was treated more as a colonial possession than as an equal with England and Scotland.
- Ireland had a sepearate culture based on language and religion.
- Scotland didn't gain a share in the new markets.
- In 1625 Britain had not established a single national economy.
- The cloth trade
- Textiles was by far the largest manufacturing concern.
- It employed around 200,000 workers..
- One reason for it being the largest was that its sequence of manufacturing was split up into separate processes.
- This led to a larger divison of labour, which lowered costs and raised productivity.
- This also fitted family structure, with all family members having different roles..
- Throughout this period the textile industry spread outside the initial centres of Norwhichand Colhester, becoming established in Manchester and the north-west of England.
- Textiles was by far the largest manufacturing concern.
- The changing 'new draperies' and the impact of Protestant refugees
- The staple of the English textile trade before the mid-16th century was woollen broadcloth, known as the 'old draperies'
- The 'new draperies' was introduced in the 1560s by Ducth immigrants.
- They were lighter than the old wool-based materials.
- The 'new draperies' was introduced in the 1560s by Ducth immigrants.
- The ''new draperies' revived the English textile market.
- Norwich and Colchester had strong trading links with the Netherlands.
- Dutch trade helped the to establish East Anglia as a major centre for the new draperies.
- Norwich and Colchester had strong trading links with the Netherlands.
- Louis XIV revoked the protection given to Protestants in France under the Edict of Nantes.
- By doing this, he signalled tat he would start to persecute French Protestants.
- From the 1650s, a growing number of French and Ducth Protestants migrated to England to avoid religious persection.
- These skilled workers helped in the developement of lighter fabrics, including silk, which was blended with English wool.
- The introduction of the smaller Dutch loom also helped develope the new draperies.
- This allowed the production of more delicate items, precisely at the time when Italian and French fashions that were more intricate were becoming more popular.
- The staple of the English textile trade before the mid-16th century was woollen broadcloth, known as the 'old draperies'
- National markets
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