behaviourist approach
- Created by: 1ysh
- Created on: 15-10-21 09:53
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- the behaviourist approach
- AO1:
- focus on observable behaviour, psychology should be scientific and objective (mainly use lab experiments)
- all behaviours are learnt from our environment, animals and humans learn in the same way
- classical conditioning: learning by association
- demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov
- neutral stimulus (NS): a thing that doesn't naturally produce the UCR
- unconditioned response (UCR): a natural response to the UCS
- conditioned stimulus (CS): once the UCS and NS have been paired several times, the NS becomes the CS
- unconditioned stimulus (UCS): a thing that naturally causes UCR
- A03: evaluation
- experiments were carried out animals , difference between humans cognitively and physiologically, laws and principles derived from these experiments might apple to animals more than humans
- does not explain important aspects of human behaviour such as memory and problem solving as these are internal mental events which cannot be observed
- introduced the scientific methods to psychology, lab exp were used with high control of extraneous variables- experiments were replicable and data was objective, giving psychology more credibility
- doesn't take biological factors into account
- behaviourism has experimental support: Pavlov showed that classical conditioning leads to learning by association,
- practical applications, classical and operant conditioning have also been used to explain attachment
- AO1:
- classical conditioning: learning by association
- demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov
- neutral stimulus (NS): a thing that doesn't naturally produce the UCR
- unconditioned response (UCR): a natural response to the UCS
- conditioned stimulus (CS): once the UCS and NS have been paired several times, the NS becomes the CS
- unconditioned stimulus (UCS): a thing that naturally causes UCR
- food: UCS, salivation: UCR
- he showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food
- he showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food
- bell: NS, then became the CS and salivation became the CR
- dogs associated the bell with the food and the sound of the bell triggered salivation
- food: UCS, salivation: UCR
- he showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food
- he showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food
- operant conditioning: learning by consequences
- skinner argued learning is an active process
- the behaviourist approach
- AO1:
- focus on observable behaviour, psychology should be scientific and objective (mainly use lab experiments)
- all behaviours are learnt from our environment, animals and humans learn in the same way
- A03: evaluation
- experiments were carried out animals , difference between humans cognitively and physiologically, laws and principles derived from these experiments might apple to animals more than humans
- does not explain important aspects of human behaviour such as memory and problem solving as these are internal mental events which cannot be observed
- introduced the scientific methods to psychology, lab exp were used with high control of extraneous variables- experiments were replicable and data was objective, giving psychology more credibility
- doesn't take biological factors into account
- behaviourism has experimental support: Pavlov showed that classical conditioning leads to learning by association,
- practical applications, classical and operant conditioning have also been used to explain attachment
- AO1:
- humans act on and in their environment consequences follow these behaviours. if the consequences are pleasant they repeat the behaviour but if the consequences are unpleasant they don't repeat behaviour
- positive reinforcement: is receiving a reward
- punishment: unpleasant consequence
- negative reinforcement: occurs when performing an action stops something unpleasant from happening
- the skinner box
- hungry rat was placed in a cage, every time he activaed the lever a food pellet in the food dispenser (positive reinforcement), the rats quickly learn and repeat
- positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
- the skinner box
- hungry rat was placed in a cage, every time he activaed the lever a food pellet in the food dispenser (positive reinforcement), the rats quickly learn and repeat
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