The 1569 Northern rebellion

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  • Created by: steloah1
  • Created on: 01-05-22 23:17
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  • The Northern Rebellion (1569)
    • Significance
      • Support
        • Geographically limited
        • Earls received no support form the conservative nobility in the north
        • Little enthusiasm to rid of EI
          • this does not been there was enthusiasm for EI, there was little consensus around who might replace EI
        • No chance of recieving foreign support
      • Timing
        • The year before EI's papal bull of excommunication
      • Execution
        • Ruthless persecution but not all executions carried out
          • 700 ordered, 450 executed
      • Suppression
        • Showed that EI's government  worked
          • Cecil spent time studying a map of Durham to find the best course of action
          • Authorities acted decisively
            • Leicester was able to raise a loyal force in the Midlands
              • Note that the rebels had dispersed long before the men made it up north
                • This was to undermine Sussex than suppress rebels
        • Also showed the limitations
          • Showed the lack of comprehension of the north-south cultural divide
            • Based on religion
    • Cause
      • Motivation of the leaders
        • Charles Neville (6th Earl of Westmoreland) and Thomas Percy (7th Earl of Northumberland
          • Hopelessly disorganised with no clear organisations
            • Leaders were not politically astute
        • Courtly conspiracy
          • MQS destabilised political situation and focused attention to succession
            • Norfolk approached by MQS' agents for them to marry, MQS return to the Scottish throne, and thier children be heirs to the throne
              • Not main cause but contributed to the sense of crisis that gave rise to the revolt
        • Local and specific factors
          • The earls felt dishonour through being cut out of northern government and lost influence in court
        • Religion
          • Clearly motivated by religion
            • Westmorland resented the Protestant establishment being imposed in Durham by Bishop Pilkington and Dean Whittingham
            • 14 November Richard Norton carried the Five Wounds banner into Durham Cathedral
              • demonstrating his religious conservativism
              • links to the pilgrimage of grace
        • Militant associates
          • the militant Richard Norton and Christopher Neville pushed the 'simple earls' into uprising
      • Motivation of ordinary participants
        • Feudal loyalties
          • Loyalties to the ancient houses of Percy and Neville
            • Pardon patents listed numerous tenants of these households
          • An oversimplification of rebel motivaton
        • Religous motivation
          • In Durham, radical protestants were in key posts and pushed reform with no consideration for conservative sensitivities
            • For example, the dispute about the replacement of an alter with a communion table at Sedgefield in Durham
              • Large participation in Sedgefield
            • The dean and chapter of Durham was accused of discrimination against Catholic tenants
            • Desecration of catholic symbols
              • Dean Whittingham used holy water stoups in the kitchen
              • Destruction of the last vestiges of the cult of St Cuthbert caused huge offence
    • Key events
      • The Earl of Sussex questioned the earls about rumours of rebellion but was assured of their loyalty
        • EI summoned the earls to question their loyalty
          • This is argued to have sparked their decision to  rebel
      • Rebellion began on the 7th of November
        • Rebels seized Durham on the 14th of November and held mass in the Cathedral
          • Shows religous motivation
      • 14th December rebels laid siege on the crowns main stronghold in county Durham  ,Bernard castle.
        • Also captured Hartepool which tehy optimistically thought might be fit enough to recieve a Spanish army
        • At this time the royal army was making progress north
          • Prompted rebels to disband
      • Westmorland escaped to the Spanish Netherlands, Northumberland went to Scotland (handed back and executed @ York in 1572)

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