Terror 1793-4

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  • TERROR
    • why govern by terror
      • extreme sans-culottes knock rev off course
        • forced leaders to adopt policies that were contrary to lib. reforms of constituent.
        • gov needed their support/ but never made gains
      • org against internal and external threats
        • one period of terror -1792-tuileries, sept massacres and champ de mars(1791)
        • 2nd period- 1793- Girodin were arrested and executed
          • both ended after external battles
            • one period of terror -1792-tuileries, sept massacres and champ de mars(1791)
        • extreme sans-culottes knock rev off course
          • forced leaders to adopt policies that were contrary to lib. reforms of constituent.
          • gov needed their support/ but never made gains
      • political crisis
        • montagnards close to sans-culottes
        • plain closer to Mont, due to s-c and Girondin were held responsible for failures of war, the rising in Vendee and economic crisis
      • Barere, leader of Plain said;
        • 1-state of emergency-abnormal methods
        • 2-bourg. shouldn't isolate from ppl, whose demands should be met
        • 3-vital Bourg. control alliance with ppl, convention must take the initiative-force if necessary
      • deal with Threats; Royal/anti-rev/^left
    • institutes of terror
      • Committee of General security
      • committee of Public safety
      • Revolutionary Tribunal
        • law of Prairial
      • reps-on-miss
      • law of suspects
    • causes
      • sans-Cullotes
        • NG opened to passive citizens=arming them1792
          • levee-en-masse
        • control of food prices (putting Jacobins in power)
          • law of maximum
            • peasants reluctant to grow grain
        • demand the arrest of the Girodins
        • demand law of suspects
        • Danton "let us embody the terror so the people don't have to"
          • eg arrest of Jacques Roux, Hebert and supporters
          • law of Fimaire/limiting paris commune meetings
            • Robespierre sets up Dictatorship
      • war
        • paranoia and insecuriey
          • September 1792
          • 1793-march-Dumouriex defects to Aust.
            • reason for Girodins fall
            • jan-Aus had been pushed back and LxVI had been executed
        • even when war closes it cont.
          • eg. 1794 june -enemies pushed back-law of Prairial
      • political diffs.
        • Montagnards wipe out opposition
          • Girodins
            • secret royalists
          • Enrages (Jaque Roux)
          • Herbertists
        • Thermidors eliminate Jacobin1795
          • white terror royalists and girodin vs jacobin
        • Federal revolts driven by Girondin supporters
      • Provinces Vendee against republic1793
        • rising was crushed 1793/ federal revolts crushed
        • jan-may1794 vendee suffers brutal repression. executions of involved 1793
        • they were refusing the rule of Jacobin Mont. in Paris-paranoia
      • reaction to emergeny
        • LXVI death -war with foreigners
          • federal revolt and political tension
          • political conflict-dific. decisions
        • huge peasant revolt Vendee-become increasingly counter rev.

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