Child Temperament and Attachment
- Created by: hannahbot123
- Created on: 17-10-16 18:27
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- Temperament
- Hong and Park (2012)
- Korea
- Impact of attachment, temperament and parenting on human development
- temperament traits in children
- 'neurobiological element of the indidivual
- Individuals differ in terms of emotions, sociability and self-control
- temperament comes from genes but is affected by development - EPIGENETIC
- Thomas and Chess (1956)
- 133 individuals, 84 families. Followed them from 3 months to adulthood.
- Concluded nine dimensions to temperament and they classified it into three types
- 40% - easy - cheerful and adapted to new things quickly
- 10% - difficult - easily frustrated, negative in social interactions
- 15% - fearful - low activity and withdrew in the face of new stimuli
- 35% - not easily classified into these groups
- Parenting and temperament
- Caregivers need to respond to the individual differences in a child that come from their temperment.
- However, if a mother is stressed it can be hard to deal with a child with a difficult temperament or problem behaviours
- Goossens and van Ijzendoorn (1990) showed that securely attached infants develop different attachments with their different caregivers, which suggests that parenting can affect a childs temperamnet.
- Chess (1977) it is about a goodness of fit between the child's temperament and their family and others around them.
- Fonagy et al (1991) suggest that reflective parenting can help and this means understanding self and others within issues like mental states and intentions.
- Mothers under pressure are more likely to have securely attached children if they reflect on the child's motivations rather than their actions
- Guyer et al (2015) -Behavioural Inhibition, relates to social reticence and withdrawal from unfamiliar situations.
- Parenting style and temperament can together affect behaviour and they also suggest that there can be impact at the neural level, affecting cognitive and emotional responses to social challenges
- fMRI scanning - look at how different parenting styles affected neural responses when adolescents experiences peer rejection.
- Authoritarian and authoritative parenting and 3 brain regions
- Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, striaum and amygdala - these link to social anxiety which they felt linked to behavioral inhibition
- Authoritarian and authoritative parenting and 3 brain regions
- They found that the young people having BI in their childhood as a temperament showed lower response in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex than those without BI in their childhood when parenting was authoritarian
- All the participants showed decreased response in the caudate when there were higher levels of authoritative parenting. This was in response to peer rejection.
- BI in early life seemed to show more neurobiological sensitivity to parenting styles, particularly authoritarian, or harsh, parenting
- All the participants showed decreased response in the caudate when there were higher levels of authoritative parenting. This was in response to peer rejection.
- fMRI scanning - look at how different parenting styles affected neural responses when adolescents experiences peer rejection.
- Parenting style and temperament can together affect behaviour and they also suggest that there can be impact at the neural level, affecting cognitive and emotional responses to social challenges
- Caregivers need to respond to the individual differences in a child that come from their temperment.
- Hong and Park (2012)
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