Unit 1A-Tectonic Hazards
- Created by: alicebristxw
- Created on: 17-04-18 21:00
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- Tectonic Hazards
- Types of plate margin
- Destructive
- Two plates moving towards eachother
- When there is an oceanic and continental plate, the denser oceanic plate is forced to subduct
- Create volcanoes and ocean trenches
- When two continental plates collide, the ground is folded and forced upwards
- Create fold mountain ranges
- Constructive
- Two plates moving away from eachother, for example the Mid-Atlantic ridge
- Causes magma to rise and fill the gap forming new crust when it cools
- Two plates moving away from eachother, for example the Mid-Atlantic ridge
- Conservative
- Two plates moving sideways past eachother, or the same direction but at different speeds for example the West coast of the USA
- No crust is created or destroyed
- Two plates moving sideways past eachother, or the same direction but at different speeds for example the West coast of the USA
- Destructive
- Tectonic plates
- The crust is seperated into slabs called tectonic plates
- Continental plates are thicker,30-50km thick and less dense
- Oceanic plates are thinner,5-10km thick and more dense
- They move due to convection currents
- The place where they meet is called a plate margin
- Volcanoes
- At destructive plate boundaries, the oceanic plate that has been subducted and destroys forms a pool of lava which then rises through the vent of a volcano and erupts out.
- At constructive plate boundaries, magma rises through the gap created by the plates moving apart
- Some form over parts of the mantle "hotspots" such as Hawaii
- Volcanoes emit lava, gases and ash which can lead to pyroclastic flows(super heated currents of gas, ash and rock)
- Effects
- Primary
- Buildings and roads destroyed
- People and animals killed or injured
- Crops and water supplies damaged
- People, animals and plants suffocated by volcanic gases
- Secondary
- Mudflows or lahars when water mixes with volcanic material
- Flooding caused by melting snow and ice
- Transport networks blocked or destroyed
- People left homeless
- Tourism disrupted
- Ash makes fields more fertile when it breaks down
- Recovery can be very expensive and time-consuming
- Primary
- Responses
- Immediate
- Evacuate people before the eruption
- Provide food, drink and shelter
- Treat people injured in the eruption
- Rescue anybody cut off by damage to roads or bridges
- Provide temporary electric, gas and communication supplies
- Aid workers sent in to support areas
- Tech companies set up disaster response tools
- Long term
- Repair and rebuild, or resettle affected people
- Repair and reconnect infastructure
- Improve and repair monitoring systems
- Untitled
- Immediate
- Earthquakes
- Responses
- Immediate
- Rescue people trapped, and treat injured people
- Recover dead bodies
- Put out fires
- Set up temporary shelter
- Provide temporary supplies
- Aid workers sent to the area
- Tech companies set up disaster response tools
- Long-term
- Re-house people
- Repair or replace damaged buildings
- Reconnect broken electric, water and gas connections
- Improve building regulations
- Promote economic recovery
- Immediate
- Effects
- Primary
- Buildings and bridges destroyed
- People injured by collapsed buildings or debris
- Transport links damaged
- Electrics, gas and water supplies damaged
- Secondary
- Can trigger landslides and tsunamis
- Leaking gas may set on fire
- People left homeless, could die
- Lack of clean water and sanitation
- Difficult access
- Businesses damaged
- Weakened economy
- Primary
- Responses
- Managing tectonic hazards
- Monitoring
- Networks of seismometers and lasers to monirot earth movements
- Scientists can monitor the signs before a volcanic eruption
- Prediction
- Monitoring and forecasting
- Keeping a close eye on active volcanoes
- Protection
- Buildings designed to withstand
- Existing structures strengthened
- Automatic shut off switches implemented
- Planning
- Future developments planned properly
- Training for the emergency services
- Education and evacuation routes implemented
- Monitoring
- Types of plate margin
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