BIS - T4 - RELIGION RENEWAL AND CHOICE
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- Created on: 12-06-17 12:56
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- T4 - religion, renewal, choice
- New forms of religion
- Davie: From obligation to consumption
- religion = personal choice now - parents used to enforce on children
- Believing without belonging
- people reluctant to belong to private religion but still hold beliefs
- Vicarious religion: spiritual health service
- religion practiced by small minority on behalf of community
- Spiritual health service: people still use whenever need to - e.g. public mourning - death of Diana
- Neither believing nor belonging
- Day: study of Xtians found their 'Christianity' was actually wanting to be part of white ethnic community - not religion - no mention of God - believe IN belonging
- Hervieu - Ledger: spiritual shopping
- [cultural Amnesia] - parents do not enforce religion onto child. Leads to trad. church decline = personal choice in beliefs
- religion = [spiritual shopping]. Self journey - two new religion types:
- [Pilgrims]: follow individual path to discovery
- [Converts]: join religious groups that offer a sense of belonging - ethnic background
- religion = [spiritual shopping]. Self journey - two new religion types:
- [cultural Amnesia] - parents do not enforce religion onto child. Leads to trad. church decline = personal choice in beliefs
- Lyon: post modern religion
- trad. society giving way to new forms. Features changing nature of religion:
- Globalisation + media
- growing interconnectedness allows media to saturate us.
- 'disembeds' religion and lifts ideas out of church domain. Religion becomes culturally adaptable for all
- growing interconnectedness allows media to saturate us.
- Online religion and religion online
- [online religion] = sense of community over internet - no existence outside cyber world
- [Religion online] = religious organisations use internet to address members
- Religious consumerism
- religion = [sphere of consumption]:people pick n mix useful elements of religion
- Globalisation + media
- trad. society giving way to new forms. Features changing nature of religion:
- Heelas and Woodhead: A spiritual revolution
- Christianity giving way to New Age beliefs: Kendall study: found two groups showing growth of spirituality:
- Congregational domain, holisitic milieu: H.M growing more than C.D
- expl: shift from doing duty to exploring inner self. Trad. = only duty. Spiritual = self journey ASWELL
- Congregational domain, holisitic milieu: H.M growing more than C.D
- Christianity giving way to New Age beliefs: Kendall study: found two groups showing growth of spirituality:
- eval of New Age:
- problem of scale - needs more followers to fill decline of trad.
- socialisation of next gen.: parents must maintain beliefs
- structural weakness: lack external power (hierarchy) and cannot achieve consensus of beliefs - all free to believe what want
- Davie: From obligation to consumption
- Stark and Bainbridge: Religious market theory
- S+B critical of secularisation theory. Eurocentric - only focuses on decline in UK. argue people are naturally religious - constant demand - and will seek rewards
- Compensators: where religion makes up for the lack of real reward
- sec. theory ignores [cycle of renewal]. - New religion attract new members
- Compensators: where religion makes up for the lack of real reward
- America vs Europe]
- competition leads to increase - America - no monopoly - leads to choice for individual need
- S+B - participation increases with plentiful supply, declines with lack of choice
- Europe - monopoly of official state church - no competition = decline
- Hadden and Shupe: Supply led religion
- [televangelism] in USA - shows religious participation = supply led
- commercial funding in 60's opened up competition and allowed Evangelical churches to thrive
- [televangelism] in USA - shows religious participation = supply led
- diversity brings decline: Ireland - monopoly + high levels. Holland - low levels + much choice
- S+B critical of secularisation theory. Eurocentric - only focuses on decline in UK. argue people are naturally religious - constant demand - and will seek rewards
- Norris and Ingelhart: An alternative view: secularisation and security
- Existential security theory
- N and I: [existential security] - religion not constant demand - those who feel survival taken forgranted = not religous
- Rich: high standard of living = high level of religion. Poor - opposite
- Although Western countries more secular - less majority of world. 3rd world = religious
- Rich: high standard of living = high level of religion. Poor - opposite
- N and I: [existential security] - religion not constant demand - those who feel survival taken forgranted = not religous
- Europe vs America
- America: unequal rich society - dog eat dog - creates poverty /insecurity - turn to religion
- Europe: equal and secure society - protects bottom - secularisation
- Gill and Lundegaarde:State welfare and religiosity
- more country spends on welfare lower level of religion. Past religion provided welfare, 20th century state does.
- Vasquez: N and I ignore positive aspects to deprivation and rich who are wealthy
- Existential security theory
- New forms of religion
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