ED - T4 - Gender differences in achievement
- Created by: missamy11211
- Created on: 06-06-17 08:51
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- PAGE 1: ED - T4 - Gender differences in achievement
- girls more likely to pass exams (even in male subjects) + go to uni
- External frs
- Impact of feminism
- Feminism challenge women inferiority. McRobbie: Magazines show independent women - inspire girls to seek career
- Changes in family
- Divorced financially independent women lead to inspired girls - gain qualifications - make living
- Changes in womens' employment
- Equal Pay Act + more female teachers inspire girls to gain qualifications - future career not housewife
- Girl's changing ambition
- Sharpe: study of 1970's girls - education deemed unfeminine. 1990's - valued independence. Beck: individualisation of society
- class, gender + ambition
- Reay - limited aspiration reflected in limited opportunities of W/C
- Biggart - W/C value motherhood over ed. success
- Reay - limited aspiration reflected in limited opportunities of W/C
- Impact of feminism
- Internal frs
- Equal opportunity policies
- GIST teacher visiting encourages girls to take science careers
- National Curriculum introduction in 1988 - girls and boys study same subjects
- Boaler: policies makes school more meritocratic + non-trad. goals to aim for
- GIST teacher visiting encourages girls to take science careers
- Boaler: policies makes school more meritocratic + non-trad. goals to aim for
- Positive role models
- female teachers allow girls to aim for same roles - pursue lengthy education
- GCSE+coursework
- Browne: Girls early socialisation makes them neater + more attention to detail - succeed in coursework.
- Gorard: gender gap constant until year coursework created - 1989. Argues changed assessment causes gap, not boys failure
- Elwood: exams more influential than coursework
- Gorard: gender gap constant until year coursework created - 1989. Argues changed assessment causes gap, not boys failure
- Browne: Girls early socialisation makes them neater + more attention to detail - succeed in coursework.
- Teacher attention
- Francis - boys disciplined quicker + lower expectations
- Swann: boys prefer to dominate class, whilst girls prefer pair work. Teachers cause SFP - promote girls self-esteem = success
- Francis - boys disciplined quicker + lower expectations
- Challenging stereotypes
- textbook removal of 1970's housewife images + girls scared by science encourage girls.
- Weiner: teachers challenge sexism and sexist image removal presents girls with positive images
- textbook removal of 1970's housewife images + girls scared by science encourage girls.
- selection and league tables
- Jackson: exam league tables improved opportunities for girls - high achievers = attractive to good schools = SFP = success
- Slee: Low-achieving boys = obstacle to school. Rough image deters girls from applying
- Jackson: exam league tables improved opportunities for girls - high achievers = attractive to good schools = SFP = success
- Two views of girls achievement
- Liberal feminists: equal opportunity causes constant improvement.
- Radical feminists: girls still harassed + ed. system = patriarchal. Women under-represented. Weiner: history = women free zone
- Equal opportunity policies
- Identity, class + girls' achievement (all ARCHER)
- Symbolic capital
- Archer: W/C status of girls and values of school clash
- W/C identity gains symbolic capital from peers but prevents educational and economic cap.
- Sym.Cap = status given to us by others
- W/C identity gains symbolic capital from peers but prevents educational and economic cap.
- Archer: W/C status of girls and values of school clash
- hyper-heterosexual fem. identity.
- appearance causes conflict - makeup is rejection of sch values
- appearance brings peer approval - avoids labelling of 'tramp'.
- school define girls as worthless failures. Ideal pupil = not W/C pupil identity
- boyfriends
- boyfriend brings sym.cap. but deters girls from going to university
- being loud
- challenging teacher's authority + bringing conflict from aggressive behaviour
- W/C girl's dilemma
- to gain sym.cap or educational. cap. Conform to peers or sch values
- W/C investment = failure
- to gain sym.cap or educational. cap. Conform to peers or sch values
- 'Successful' W/C girls
- Evans: study of 21 W/C girls: go onto higher education but do not apply for elite universities - "not for me". Earning power = for families
- Skeggs: W/C identity = primarily concerned with care giver at home - cost and fear of debt
- limits uni choice + affects value of degree
- Symbolic capital
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