Sz explanations
- Created by: Niamh Quilligan
- Created on: 09-04-14 10:39
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- Sz
- Positive
- Delusions
- Grandeur
- Reference
- Control
- persecution
- Thought Disorder
- loose/clang associations
- Heightened sensitivity to sensations and hallucinations
- auditory hallucinations
- Inappropriate affect
- Delusions
- Negative
- Poverty of Speech- Alogia
- Poverty of content
- Thought blocking
- Blunted/ Flat affect
- Disturbances of volition
- Disturbed relationships
- Poverty of Speech- Alogia
- Psychomotor
- Catatonic rigidity/excitement
- Paranoid
- Catatonic
- rare- not true category?
- Disorganised
- Undifferetiated
- Vague- ill-defiined
- Residual
- Explanations
- Biological
- Family studies
- Gottesman and Shields- Parent 5.6% Siblings 10.1%
- Twin studies
- Gottesman and Shields- Mz- 46% Dz- 14%
- 46% for Mz shows contribution of genotype
- Lytton- Mz twins reared similarly therefore nuture play part
- Small sample
- Environment-both twins don't always develop Sz
- Gottesman and Shields- Mz- 46% Dz- 14%
- Adoption studies
- Heston- 47 Sz mothers 16%
- May be genetic predisposition to the disorder
- Tienara 150 with Sz mothers =10% 185 with non Sz mothers --> 1%
- Family studies
- Biochemical
- Dopamine hypothesis
- only responsible for +ve symptoms
- too simple. Breier- other neurotransmitters eg Serotonin associated with Sz
- 2nd theory- more D2 receptors in Sz brains
- Pearlson et al- PET scans show D2 receptors increase
- Seeman et al- PET, 6x density of D4 receptors (subtype of D2)
- Cause of pathology or effect of neuroleptic drugs taken?
- Dopamine hypothesis
- Neuroanatomical
- Jernigan et al- significant cell loss in Limbic System (subcortical structure)
- Nasrallah et al- gender differences in thickening of fibres in the Corpus Callosum reversed in Sz
- Szeseko et al- asymmetry in tempero- parietal region of the cortex less evidence in Sz
- Raz and Raz- reduced brain tissue and enlarged ventricles- 1/2 the sample had enlarged ventricles- effect size of 0.6
- May be linked to major functional abnormalities
- Suddath et al- 15 disconcordant Mz twins. Sz twin had smaller Bilateral Hippocampus in 14/15 pairs and larger ventricles and less brain tissue
- when genotype controlled for- less decreased brain volume in Sz twin
- Liddle- underactivity of cerebral blood blow (CBF) in tempero frontal areas of the cortex with Sz- "Hypofrontality"
- McGuire- CBF with auditory hallucinations- increased blood flow to Broca's area
- -ve Lewis- 18 studies found no sig link between enlarged ventricles and negative symptoms
- Socio-Cultural
- Labelling
- Thomas Szasz- labelling is "medicalisation of madness"
- Scheff- breaks residual rules- labelled mentally ill, influences behaviour of person and others to them so fits label- self-fulfilling prophecy
- Rosenhan- easy to be misdiagnosed with Sz
- unethical? but had to mislead doctors
- -ve only accounts for how symptoms are maintained- not cause or treatment
- -ve ignores genetic evidence
- -ve trivialises serious disorder
- Family dysfunction
- bateson et al- saying one thing/ body lan + tone different- double bind. don't trust own feelings
- Lidz et al- family socialisation theory
- Schismatic- competition for affection of family members
- Skewed- dominating/ submissive. encouraged to follow dominant- impairs cog + social devel
- Brown Carstairs and Topping- high expressed emotion EE, high relapse
- Brown et al- high EE 58% relapse, low EE 10%
- Labelling
- Diathesis stress model
- lots of possible aetiological factors- may be predisposition
- Biological
- Positive
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