Survival of The Crusader States 1099-1144

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  • Survival of the Crusader States 1100-1144
    • Castles
      • Solution to problems
      • Infrustructure
        • few, important, roads - one connecting Ascalon, Ramla and Tripoli=target=battles of Ramla
      • Size
        • 50,000km
        • Active army - instability and frequent battles
      • Symbols of authority in place of manpower
        • Only 300 knights in J after 1st Crusade - 2.5k in CS
      • Military and Admin function
        • Establish + consolidate power - sign of importance I,e Krak des Chevalier, 1140s
      • Castles allowed seaports to function safely
    • Seaports
      • Trade
        • Byzantium, Egypt,West
        • Import and export - boost economy and function stably
      • Travel
        • Easier journey to Outremer
          • More manpower and numbers
      • Italian City States
        • Genoese - Acre 1104 Arsuf 1101
        • Venetians - Tyre 1124 I n return for 1/3 City
      • Gesta Francorum
        • Vivid account of glory from 1st Crusade
        • Inspire people to gain fame
      • w/out Castles not safe - constantly attacked and weak
    • Muslim Disunity
      • Weak and dis-unified for majority part
      • 1139 D-J alliance to avoid Zengi's overlordship
      • Militarily capable - Ramla 2 1102, Field of Blood 1119,     Edessa falling 1144
        • "writing on the wall" - but not materialised
      • w/out great leadership, M disunity would not have been utilised
    • Christian Leadership
      • Military prowess
        • Ramla 1 1101 - 260 knights, 1,0000 infantry + B.I tactics = beat 10,000 Fatimids
      • Bounce back from losses - 3 years after Ramla 2 =Ramla 3 victory
        • resilience
          • Sieges - Tyre 1124 need patience and good leadership
      • Politically
        • Smooth succession - B.I < B.II < Mel + Fulk < B.III
        • 1131 -Fulk + Mel 1st in power short battle for power and internecine struggle but resolved
          • Didn't impact CS
      • J Primacy
        • 1125 Battle of Azaz - All CS unified under B.I
  • 1115- Montreal 1117- Scandalion 1137- gave Montferrand castle for Count Raymond II
    • Supports idea that Leaders were more important than castles
      • Aleppo and Mosul "nutcracker"- (Carol Armstrong)  around Edessa
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