Surgery
All about the impact of factors on improvements in surgery throughout time.
- Created by: sashalou
- Created on: 03-06-16 13:48
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- Surgery
- Science and Technology
- Prehistoric
- No surgery due to lack of understanding and proper technology
- Egypt
- No surgery due to lack of understanding and proper technology
- Sharper bronze instruments for surgical procedures
- Greece
- Used opium, alcohol, wine and vinegar during surgery to reduce death rates
- No understanding of why
- Used opium, alcohol, wine and vinegar during surgery to reduce death rates
- Rome
- Continued improvement in equipment
- Still lacked knowledge and understanding to carry out internal surgery
- Prehistoric
- Religion
- Egypt
- No internal surgery due to preservation for the afterlife
- Middle Ages
- Used the Zodiac Man to identify the best times for surgery based on Planets
- Egypt
- Key Individuals
- Middle Ages
- Hugh and Theodric challenged Galen and said to remove pus with wine
- Henri de Mondeville wrote a textbook and told students to bathe and clean wounds and seal them up quickly
- Renaissance
- Pare
- "Ten Books on Surgery"
- Changed gunshot wound treatment - egg yolks, rose oil and turpentine
- Ligatures to stop bleeding - made of silk threads
- Took too long and wasn't quick enough - could carry deeper infection into wounds
- Designed and made false limbs for soldiers
- Pare
- Industrial (19th Century)
- Humphry Davy 1799 - Laughing gas for surgery - reduced pain by small amounts
- J. R. Liston 1847 - Ether - irritated eyes, could cause lung problems, easily flammable
- James Simpson 1847 - Chloroform as an anaesthetic. Successful, but tasted bad and caused sickness. Dosage could not be controlled so often caused deaths
- John Snow created an inhaler to control dosage
- Semmelweiss - recommended hand washing in hospitals due to the number of deaths by childbirth
- Joseph Lister - used the ideas of the germ theory. Suggested using carbolic acid to clean wounds and wash hands and instruments
- William Halstead created rubber gloves for use during surgery as well as gowns and masks (1887)
- ASEPTIC SURGERY
- Joseph Lister - used the ideas of the germ theory. Suggested using carbolic acid to clean wounds and wash hands and instruments
- ASEPTIC SURGERY
- Twentieth Century
- Wilhelm Rontgen 1895 - discovered x-rays and made machines
- Marie Curie got mobile x-rays for battlefields - petite Curies
- Marie Curie discovered radiation therapy in 1906 - helped diagnose and treat cancer
- Marie Curie got mobile x-rays for battlefields - petite Curies
- Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups in 1901, making blood transfusions possible
- Marie Curie discovered radiation therapy in 1906 - helped diagnose and treat cancer
- Helmuth Wesse discovered injectable anaesthetics allowing precise dosages
- Archibald McIndoe - over 4000 plastic surgery operations in WWII - reconstructing faces and hands
- Christian Barnard carried out the first heart transplant in 1967. Many other transplants folowed
- Wilhelm Rontgen 1895 - discovered x-rays and made machines
- Middle Ages
- War
- Rome
- Gained more experience from wars due to expanding empire
- Middle Ages
- Continued improvements in techniques and instruments
- John Bradmore created metal forceps to pull arrows from wounds and smothered wounds in honey to stop infection
- Renaissance
- Pare made false limbs for soldiers and ligatures to stop bleeding
- Twentieth Century
- Increased need for x-rays during WW1 as there were deeper injuries from shrapnel
- Rome
- Attitudes
- Industrial
- General conservative attitude towards anaesthetics
- Industrial
- Communication
- Science and Technology
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