Supervolcanoes

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  • Supervolcanoes
    • What is a supervolcano?
      • Massive Volcanoes
      • Are much bigger than standard volcanoes
      • devlop at hotspots or destructive margins
      • Yellowstone National Park has a supervolcano
    • Formation
      • Magma rises up through cracks in the crust
        • This forms a large magma basin
        • The pressure of the magma causes a bulge which is several kilometres wide
      • The bulge eventually cracks
        • This creates vents for lava to escape through
        • The lava escapes through the vents
        • This causes Earthquakes
        • It then sends up gigantic plumes of ash and rock
      • As the mama at the basin empties
        • The bulge is no longer supported and collapses
        • This spews out more lava
      • Eruption finishes
        • There is a big crater
        • This crater is called a caldera
        • Sometimes the caldera is filled with water to make a lake
    • Characteristics
      • Flat
      • Cover a large area
      • Have a caldera instead of a crater
    • Effects of an eruption
      • Thousands of cubic kilometres of rock will be trhown
      • A thick cloud of gas will kill anything it touches
      • Ash will shoot kilometres into the air and block out almost all of daylight over continents
      • Mini Ice Age will take place
      • Everything within 10s of km will be destroyed
      • Ash will settle on hundreds of square kilometres.

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