Success and failure of dieting
- Created by: Jack
- Created on: 14-05-15 14:56
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- Success and failure of dieting
- AO1
- REASONS TO DIET
- Mainly women who diet, possibly due to faulty perception of body image
- But no evidence for this as most dieters are slightly overweight.
- To maintain/imp-rove health
- May lessen chance of coronary heart disease, etc
- Copying media due to media influence
- Typically most diets actually lead to people gaining weight.
- Mainly women who diet, possibly due to faulty perception of body image
- BOUNDARY MODEL OF DIETARY CONSTRAI-NT
- There are 2 controls over food intake - biological (homeostasis) and cognitive.
- The cognitive one is variable/mov-able, it can be equal or beneath the biological one.
- People who put the cognitive level below biological are called 'high restrainers' and are good dieters.
- If cognitive level broken, behavioural disinhibition occurs, which means they ate much more than both levels, called the 'what the hell effect'.
- Homeostasis = replacing nutrients the body had used up
- The cognitive one is variable/mov-able, it can be equal or beneath the biological one.
- There are 2 controls over food intake - biological (homeostasis) and cognitive.
- IRONIC PROCESS OF CONTROL
- Thought suppression - the more you try not to think about something....
- REASONS TO DIET
- AO2
- STUDIES
- BOUNDARY MODEL OF DIETARY CONTRAINT
- HERMAN AND MACK - 45 women rated tastiness of ice cream while actually being measured how much they ate
- Group 1 had 1 high-carbohydrate preload drink, group 2 had 2, and group 3 had none.
- Given post-hoc questionnaire, and found group 2 rated themselves as high restrainers but actually ate most ice cream.
- Supports theory as cognitive level broken, so people overcompen-sated due to the what the hell effect.
- Given post-hoc questionnaire, and found group 2 rated themselves as high restrainers but actually ate most ice cream.
- Group 1 had 1 high-carbohydrate preload drink, group 2 had 2, and group 3 had none.
- Restraining anorexics have set cognitive level low, so theory says they should regularly break this and overeat.
- They NEVER do, which the bounday model cannot explain.
- HERMAN AND MACK - 45 women rated tastiness of ice cream while actually being measured how much they ate
- IRONIC PROCESS OF CONTROL
- SOETTENS - tested high and unrestrained dieters. Found high restrainers who regularly failed diets used thought suppression.
- BOUNDARY MODEL OF DIETARY CONTRAINT
- DEBATES
- Both are nature AND nurture
- In restrain theory because biological limit is highly nature based. But cognitive element introduces nurture, which increases the flexibility and effectiveness of the theory.
- REAL WORLD APPLICATI-ON
- The NHS use the boundary model.
- The old treatment for obesity was to set low cognitive limit (basically stop eating), but they always failed and overate. (This was predicted by model)
- Now they make cognitive level lower but more achievable, and also introduce exercise.
- The old treatment for obesity was to set low cognitive limit (basically stop eating), but they always failed and overate. (This was predicted by model)
- The NHS use the boundary model.
- Both are nature AND nurture
- ISSUES
- CULTURE - dieting found in individualistic cultures, not collectivist.
- Limits effectiveness of theories as cannot explain collectivist dieting as it doesn't traditionally occur there.
- But this can be seen as a strength as the theories are explaining dieting where it happens.
- Limits effectiveness of theories as cannot explain collectivist dieting as it doesn't traditionally occur there.
- CULTURE - dieting found in individualistic cultures, not collectivist.
- RESEARCH METHODS
- Only female participants used
- Possibly a biased sample (can't explain why male diets fail) but...
- ...main dieting gender is females, so research is representati-ve of target population.
- Increases external validity of research and therefore increases support for boundary model
- ...main dieting gender is females, so research is representati-ve of target population.
- Possibly a biased sample (can't explain why male diets fail) but...
- Post-hoc questionnaire used in Herman and Mack study
- Increases internal validity as there are fewer demand characteristi-cs (realising what the study is really testing)
- Size of groups after this were unequal (number of high/low restrainers)
- Reduces internal validity as support for the theory only given by small number of participants.
- Only female participants used
- SUCCESS OF DIETING
- These theories can expalin how dieting should succeed:
- SETTING MANAGE-ABLE GOALS .
- This lowers cognitive level slightly, reducing chance of behavioural disinhibition and overeating
- KEEP A FOOD DIARY
- We have a bad memory of what we have eaten, so doing this makes it easier to remember and not overeat.
- GROUP DIETS 9e.g. WeightWatcherss)t
- Role of SLT, peer pressure and suppor
- In extreme cases (e.g. hormonal disorders) biological treatments like drugs and surgery (gastric band/bypass) can be used.
- SETTING MANAGE-ABLE GOALS .
- These theories can expalin how dieting should succeed:
- STUDIES
- AO1
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