STUDYING SOCIETY
- Created by: fielelli.09
- Created on: 16-04-14 13:19
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- STUDYING SOCIETY I
- Key Concepts
- Culture: Refers to the way of life in a particular society
- Values: Provide general guidelines for conduct
- Norms: Define expected behaviour in particular places/situations
- Socialisation
- Refers to the process by which we learn the culture, norms and values of our society.
- Primary Socialisation:Usually refers to the agencies you experience most in younger life. E.g. Families or Parents
- Seconadry Socialisation: Usually refers to agencies in later childhood and continuing into adult lives. Eg. School, Mass Media, Peer groups
- Refers to the process by which we learn the culture, norms and values of our society.
- Data & Research
- The research process: 1) Aims/hypothesis 2) Pilot studies 3) Sample selecting 4)collecting data 5)analysing data 6) evaluating project
- Aims:What the researcher is planning to investigate Hypothesis: An informed guess.
- Pilot Studies: A trial run carried out before the main research. Helps overcome potential problems
- Sampling
- Probability sampling
- Random sampling: each member of population has equal chance of being selected. use computers
- Systematic sampling: taking every 'nth' item from the sampling frame
- Stratified sampling: involves dividing population into strata and then choosing randomly
- Non-probability Sampling
- Snowball sampling: contacting one person until they give you another person.
- Quota Sampling: often used for interviews. A number of certain category in proportion to the wider population.
- Purposive sampling: sample is selected according to a known characteristic.
- Probability sampling
- Data collection and analysis: as part of research process, researchers collect and analyse data. Sources of data are either primary (questionnaires, observation) or secondary (mass media, letters, diaries)
- Data maybe either quantitative (numbers) or qualitative (words).
- Evaluation: Peer review, an important part of research process, operates as a form as quality control.
- Surveys & Questionnaires
- Social surveys involve collecting information from a large amount of people.
- 3 main ways of delivering questionnaires
- Postal: the self completing questionnaire is mailed to the respondent, who completes it and sends it back to researcher.
- Advantages: Cost effective. Provide statistical data on differences between respondents. Can be replicated to check reliability of findings.
- Limitations: Tend to have low response rates. Respondents cannot develop their answers and may misunderstand or skip questions.
- Hand delivered: researcher hands the questionnaire to the respondent and then returns it straight after.
- Formal or structured interviews: face to face or phone. interviewer asks standard questions and respondent gives answers there and then.
- Postal: the self completing questionnaire is mailed to the respondent, who completes it and sends it back to researcher.
- Closed or fixed-choice questions: yes/no questions or tick box questions. Easily presented in quantitative data.
- Open-ended questions: respondents put forward there own answers instead of choosing. Responses are varied and more suitable for qualitative data.
- Key Concepts
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