Structure of a Typical Animal Cell
- Created by: Amy Kirkness
- Created on: 10-11-12 03:58
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- Structure of a Typical Animal Cell
- Cell Membrane
- differentially permeable
- consists of a bilayer of phospholipid molecules
- hydrophilic head (attracts water)
- hydrophobic fatty acid tail (repels water)
- proteins embedded in layer
- functions which regulate process outside the cell, eg:
- pumps which actively transport certain ions & amino acids/sugars across membrane
- channels which allow small ions & molecules to diffuse across the membrane passively
- receptor proteins which allow cells to be recognised by other cells in the body as well as providing binding sites for substances such as hormones or antibodies
- functions which regulate process outside the cell, eg:
- cholesterol found disturbs close packingof phospholipds & keeps membrane fluid
- controls what enters & leaves the cell
- diffusion, osmosis, active transport (sodium-potassium pumps,endocytosis & exocytosis
- protects cell contents from environment
- Nucleus
- contains cells DNA
- surrounded by nuclear membrane with pores
- nucleolus lives inside nucleus
- contains RNA -> vital in protein synthesis
- controls all activities within cell
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- surfacefor chemical reactions
- has channels to store & transport proteins made on ribosomes
- Rough ER: ribosomes on its surfaceto produce proteins
- SmoothER: no ribosomes & produces lipids & steroids
- Ribosomes
- site of protein synthesis
- amino acids are joined together to make proteins
- cell's protein factories
- Golgi Apparatus
- usually near nucleus
- modifies proteins delivered from ER & packages them in vesicles for secretion
- Lysosomes
- special vesicles that containdigestive enzymes to breakdown substances taken into cell by endocytosis or worn our organelles
- Mitochondria
- make energy (ATP) via respiration
- has double membrane: smoothouter membrane & folder inner membane to increase surfacearea allowing more chemical reactions to take place
- enzymes involved in respiration are locatedon cristae
- Cytoskeleton
- give cell its shape & assistsin movement
- consists of microfilamentsthat move materials around cytoplasm & move whole cell
- consists of microbules that help move organelles
- centrioles: filaments involved in cell divisions
- Cell Membrane
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