all studies for stress
- Created by: Emma Cornhill
- Created on: 04-05-15 13:54
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- stress studies
- cohen
- 1993
- general life stress to vulnerability to the common cold
- 82% infected with common cold
- 7 days
- percentage of clinical colds recorded
- findings
- chance of failing to fight off the infection positively correalated with stress index score
- findings
- percentage of clinical colds recorded
- 7 days
- 82% infected with common cold
- 394 participants
- questionnaires on number fo stressful life eents experienced in the past year
- stress index
- such as depression
- stress index
- degree of stress
- stress index
- such as depression
- stress index
- level of negative emotions
- questionnaires on number fo stressful life eents experienced in the past year
- conclusions
- life stress and negative emotions reduce effectiveness of our immune system
- holmes and rahe
- 1967
- SRRS
- 43 life events
- 5000 patient records
- rated how each event would effect them
- 400 participants
- these enabled a stress rating to be applied to each event
- rated relative to marriage which had a value of 50
- death of a spouse was rated at 100
- socred averaged to give life change units (LCU)
- rated how each event would effect them
- 5000 patient records
- 43 life events
- 400 participants
- delongis
- 1982
- 100 participants
- san francisco
- 45- 64
- well educated
- high income
- life events infrequent
- looked at hassles of daily life
- better predictor of health problems in later life
- no effect on health during the study
- was a relationship recorded for the 2.5 years before the study
- looked at hassles of daily life
- uplifts
- little effect on health
- frequency and intensity of hassles significantly correalted with overall health status and bodily symptoms
- kiecolt-glaser
- blood samples
- one month before exams and during exams
- reduced natural killer T cells during exams
- supports hypothesis
- stress decreses the action of the immune system
- supports hypothesis
- 75 medical students
- one month before exams and during exams
- blood samples
- friedman and rosenman
- 1974
- structured interview
- establish personality type
- type A
- competitiveness
- could lead to...
- raised blood pressure
- levels of stress hormones linked to ill health
- could lead to...
- acheievement striving
- could lead to...
- raised blood pressure
- levels of stress hormones linked to ill health
- could lead to...
- impatience
- time urgency
- aggressiveness
- hostility
- competitiveness
- type A
- establish personality type
- 3000 californian men
- 8.5 yrs later
- twice as many type A personalities had died of a heart attach than type B personalities
- individual differences on teh stress response
- twice as many type A personalities had died of a heart attach than type B personalities
- 8.5 yrs later
- Marmot
- 1997
- job strain model
- high demand
- not linked to stress and illness
- does not fully support the job strain model because it does not show links between high demand and illness
- not linked to stress and illness
- low control
- linked to cardiovascular disease
- high demand
- 7,372 men and women
- questionnaire and checked for cardiovascular disease
- signs of cardiovascular disease
- presence of cornonary risk factors
- employment grade
- higher grades had fewest cardiovascular problems
- sense of job control
- lower grades had weaker sense of job control
- questionnaire and checked for cardiovascular disease
- cardiovascular disease were more likely to be smokers and overweight
- Kobassa
- hardy personality
- chalenge...
- any stress makes life more interesting
- commitment...
- organisation
- giving plenty of time to prepare for events
- organisation
- Control...
- amount of stress experienced can be regulated
- in charge of their lives
- if they lack knowledge or skills, they aquire it
- buffer or protection against teh negative effects of stressors
- chalenge...
- hardiness training
- focusing
- being aware of physical signs of stress
- reconstuction
- how could previous stressful situations have turnied out better
- self improvement
- takke on challenges that can be coped with as this increases sense of beign able to cope
- self efficacy
- takke on challenges that can be coped with as this increases sense of beign able to cope
- focusing
- hardy personality
- johansson
- 1979
- swedish sawmill
- work overload
- low risk group
- high risk group
- higher illness rates and higher levels of adrenaline in urine
- higher hormone levels on work days than on rest days
- effect of doing monotonous jobs with some responsibility
- a direct link betweeb job demand, stress hormones and illness
- work overload
- cohen
- kiecolt-glaser
- blood samples
- reduced natural killer T cells during exams
- supports hypothesis
- stress decreses the action of the immune system
- supports hypothesis
- reduced natural killer T cells during exams
- 75 medical students
- blood samples
- friedman and rosenman
- 1974
- structured interview
- establish personality type
- type A
- competitiveness
- acheievement striving
- impatience
- time urgency
- aggressiveness
- hostility
- competitiveness
- type A
- establish personality type
- 3000 californian men
- 8.5 yrs later
- twice as many type A personalities had died of a heart attach than type B personalities
- individual differences on teh stress response
- twice as many type A personalities had died of a heart attach than type B personalities
- 8.5 yrs later
- rahe
- 1970
- 2,500 male american sailors
- filled in the SRRS
- previous six months before tour of duty, and...
- ...records kept of sailors health over the six month tour of duty
- LCU was correalated with the sailors illness scores
- positive correalation of 0.0118
- LCU was correalated with the sailors illness scores
- ...records kept of sailors health over the six month tour of duty
- previous six months before tour of duty, and...
- filled in the SRRS
- stress studies
- cohen
- 1993
- general life stress to vulnerability to the common cold
- 82% infected with common cold
- 7 days
- percentage of clinical colds recorded
- findings
- chance of failing to fight off the infection positively correalated with stress index score
- findings
- percentage of clinical colds recorded
- 7 days
- 82% infected with common cold
- 394 participants
- questionnaires on number fo stressful life eents experienced in the past year
- degree of stress
- level of negative emotions
- questionnaires on number fo stressful life eents experienced in the past year
- conclusions
- life stress and negative emotions reduce effectiveness of our immune system
- holmes and rahe
- 1967
- SRRS
- 43 life events
- 5000 patient records
- rated how each event would effect them
- these enabled a stress rating to be applied to each event
- rated relative to marriage which had a value of 50
- death of a spouse was rated at 100
- socred averaged to give life change units (LCU)
- rated how each event would effect them
- 5000 patient records
- 43 life events
- delongis
- 1982
- 100 participants
- san francisco
- 45- 64
- well educated
- high income
- life events infrequent
- looked at hassles of daily life
- better predictor of health problems in later life
- no effect on health during the study
- was a relationship recorded for the 2.5 years before the study
- looked at hassles of daily life
- uplifts
- little effect on health
- frequency and intensity of hassles significantly correalted with overall health status and bodily symptoms
- Marmot
- 1997
- job strain model
- high demand
- not linked to stress and illness
- does not fully support the job strain model because it does not show links between high demand and illness
- not linked to stress and illness
- low control
- linked to cardiovascular disease
- high demand
- 7,372 men and women
- questionnaire and checked for cardiovascular disease
- signs of cardiovascular disease
- presence of cornonary risk factors
- employment grade
- higher grades had fewest cardiovascular problems
- sense of job control
- lower grades had weaker sense of job control
- questionnaire and checked for cardiovascular disease
- cardiovascular disease were more likely to be smokers and overweight
- Kobassa
- hardy personality
- chalenge...
- any stress makes life more interesting
- commitment...
- organisation
- giving plenty of time to prepare for events
- organisation
- Control...
- amount of stress experienced can be regulated
- in charge of their lives
- if they lack knowledge or skills, they aquire it
- buffer or protection against teh negative effects of stressors
- chalenge...
- hardiness training
- focusing
- being aware of physical signs of stress
- reconstuction
- how could previous stressful situations have turnied out better
- self improvement
- takke on challenges that can be coped with as this increases sense of beign able to cope
- self efficacy
- takke on challenges that can be coped with as this increases sense of beign able to cope
- focusing
- hardy personality
- johansson
- 1979
- swedish sawmill
- work overload
- low risk group
- high risk group
- higher illness rates and higher levels of adrenaline in urine
- higher hormone levels on work days than on rest days
- effect of doing monotonous jobs with some responsibility
- a direct link betweeb job demand, stress hormones and illness
- work overload
- cohen
- Michenbaum
- 1975
- investigate effectiveness of his stress innoculation therpay (SIT)
- anxious pre-exam college students
- condition 1
- eight weeks of SIT
- evaluated through exam performance and self reports
- most positive self-reports and out performed other students
- eight weeks of SIT
- condition 2
- eight weeks of systematic desensitisation
- condition 3
- no therapy, told they were on waiting list
- remained anxious
- no therapy, told they were on waiting list
- condition 1
- quasi-experimental method
- SIT proved very successful
- often showed to help reduce anxiety in stressful situations, does not apply to depression
- more flexibility and less monotonous jobs
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