Stress
- Created by: Sabriah.ahmed
- Created on: 17-12-13 18:33
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- Stress
- Stress in everyday life
- Life changes
- Daily hassles
- Workplace stress
- Personality factors
- Stress as a bodily response
- The body's response to stress
- Physicaly feelings include: Increased heart rate Dry Mouth Sweaty Palms Can’t eat Can’t sleep Sick feeling
- Fight or Flight?
- The nervous system
- Central Nervous system (CNS) which includes the brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System which is made up of the SNS and the ANS
- Automatic Nervous System (ANS) has two branches: The Sympathetic branch and Parasympathetic branch
- Sympathetic branch speeds up a reaction and causes the FIGHT OR FLIGHT response
- Increases heart rate reduces stomach activity dilates pupils inhibits saliva production
- The Parasympathetic branch returns the body back to normal and 'rests' it
- Decreases heart rate reduces blood pressure increases digestions
- Sympathetic branch speeds up a reaction and causes the FIGHT OR FLIGHT response
- Automatic Nervous System (ANS) has two branches: The Sympathetic branch and Parasympathetic branch
- The endocrine system
- The endocrine system consists of glands which secrete hormones into the blood stream in order to communicate with each other
- Glands and what hormone they release
- Hypothalamus ? corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF)
- Pituitary gland ? Adreno corticotrophin (ACTH)
- Adrenal Cortex ? Cortisol
- Adrenal Medulla? Adrenaline
- The endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system work together to produce the bodies response to stressful situations
- The nervous system
- Sympathetic adrenal medullary system (SAM)
- Hypothalamus detects stress and releases CRF ? SNS is activated ? SNS sends neurotransmitter noradrenaline to the adrenal medulla ? adrenal medulla converts noradrenaline into adrenaline ready to FIGHT or FLIGHT
- Too much adrenaline gets picked up by the hypothalamus who switches off the SAM if the threat is no longer there…
- If the initial fight or flight response does not make the stress go away, eventually, the stress may change from being an acute stressor to a chronic stressor
- Hypothalumus Pituitary Adrenal system (HPA)
- Hypothalamus releases CRF to the pituitary gland ? Pituitary gland releases ACTH through the blood to the adrenal cortex ? adrenal cortex releases cortisol
- Cortisol breaks down glucose and gives the individual energy to keep fighting the stressor
- When too much Cortisol is circulating in the blood stream, the hypothalamus will switch off the HPA AXIS so the body returns to normal
- Too much cortisol can cause problems with thinking, high blood pressure and lower immune functioning
- Cortisol breaks down glucose and gives the individual energy to keep fighting the stressor
- Hypothalamus releases CRF to the pituitary gland ? Pituitary gland releases ACTH through the blood to the adrenal cortex ? adrenal cortex releases cortisol
- Stress-related illness
- Acute stress
- An immediate stressor that is not long lasting
- Chronic stress
- A problem that lasts for a long time and is ongoing
- The immune system provides a defence against infectious organisms that invade our body and cause disease
- Kiecolt - Glaser et al (1984)
- To investigate whether the stress of short term stressors such as the examination period had an effect on the immune system (NK cells)
- METHOD: Natural experiment PROCEDURE: All 75 Participants were measured on two different occasions •Firstly, blood was taken a month before examinations •Secondly bloody was taken during the examinations Participants were also given a questionnaire to fill in about stressful life events
- FINDINGS: •The
blood samples taken during the examinations were much lower in NK cells than
the samples taken a month earlier
- •This suggests that the body had fewer natural defenses during the stressful time, so during examinations the participants were more vulnerable to illness
- Acute stress
- The body's response to stress
- Psychological methods of stress management
- Biological methods of stress management
- Stress is experienced when a persons perceived environmental, social and physical demands exceed their perceived ability to cope
- Stress in everyday life
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