A2 Psychology - Stress
- Created by: Abby Killeen
- Created on: 15-04-15 10:34
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- Stress
- Causes of Stress
- Work
- Causes - environments, relationships, lack of control, workload.
- Johansson
- A - Work stressors cause stress?
- Sample - 14 finishers 14 Cleaners
- M - Urine samples, body temperature, self report scales and illness.
- R - Finishers more stress hormone, less well-being, more illness etc
- Conclusion - Stress=nature of work.
- Isolation, repetitiveness and responsibility = stress
- Lack of Control
- Contol =power e.g. exam stress controlled by revising
- Geer + Maisel
- A - percieved/actual control reduce stress?
- S - 60 NY psychology students
- M - Max control = button +warning. Some control = warning. No control = nothing. Car crash victims
- R - max control - less stress some control = most stress.
- C- contol = less stress
- Control + stress = unclear relationship.
- Hassles and life events
- Holmes + Rahe - major hassles, social readjustment.
- Kanner
- A - Hassles compared life events
- S - 100 white californians
- M - Hassles, life events, HSCL, Bradburne Morale scale.
- R - Hassles + stress strong pos correlation
- Conclusion - Hassles more powerful stress predictors
- Life events - plan. Hassles - unexpected
- Work
- Methods of Measuring Stress
- Self Report
- Questionnaires/Interviews/Diaries.
- Kanner
- Hassles and uplifts scale
- Self reports - measure stress, report the stressful situation
- Physiological
- Stess - body acts in measurable way (sweats). Cannon - Fight/flight response.
- Geer + Maisel
- Galvanic skin responses
- percieved control = higher stress.
- Stress can be physiologically measured.
- Combined
- Johansson
- Physiological - urine samples/body temperature
- Self report - mood, alertness, cafiene, nicotine
- see agreement between measures and higher validity.
- Removes flaws of methods
- Johansson
- Self Report
- Techniques for measuring stress
- Behavioural approach
- biofeedback - learn to change response via operant conditioning.
- Budzynski
- A - Biofeedback; tension headaches
- S - 18 volunteers - ad - colorado.
- M - biofeedback + relaxation 2 a week for 8 weeks/prerecorded BF and relaxation 2 a week for 8 weeks/waiting list.
- R - Bf = reduced headaches group 1+2 = reduced depression
- C - Biofeedback = effective.
- Deals with stress not preventing
- Cognitive
- Changing the way we think
- Meichenbaum
- A - SIT vs behavioural systematic desensitisation
- S - 21 students test anxiety advert
- M - anxiety via self reports. SIT; 8 sessions BSD - 8 sessions + waiting list.
- R - improved performance and anxiety levels
- C - SIT better than bsd.
- changing thinking reduces stress.
- Social
- Waxler - Morrison
- A- Social support w/ breast cancer survival.
- M - questionnaires + 18 interviews on percieved support, actual support, medical records.
- R- 6 factors; marital status/friend support/contact with friends/total support/social network.
- C- social support reduces stress.
- Support reduces impact of stressor.
- Motivate and shared goal.
- Waxler - Morrison
- Behavioural approach
- Causes of Stress
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