Stars

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  • Created by: Charlie
  • Created on: 02-02-16 15:57
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  • Stars
    • Constellations
      • Double stars
        • Stars that look like they are close together
      • Brightness of stars labelled using greek alphabet
        • Brightest stars start with alpha, then descend down the alphabet and they get dimmer
      • Specific constellations
        • Orion
        • Cygnus
        • The plough
        • Cassiopiea
        • Use constellations as pointers
          • Arcturus and Polaris from the plough
            • Polaris follow the edge of the plough straight up
            • Arcturus "follow the arc to Arcturus"
          • Sirius, Pleiades and aldebaran from Orion
            • Sirius, follow Orion's belt to the left so get to Sirius and right to Aldebaran
            • Pleiades follow the right shoulder up
          • Fomahault and Andromeda galaxy from the great square of Pegasus
            • Andromeda follow diagonally from bottom right to top left
            • Fomalhaut follow the right side down
      • Asterisms - Shapes within a constellation
      • Open clusters - A loose grouping of stars
      • Nebulae - Interstellar cloud of dust and gas
      • Globular clusters - Spherical cluster of stars that orbits a galactic core as a satalite
    • Observing the sky
      • Right ascension and declination
        • Right ascension - the angular distance measured measured eastwards along the celestial equator
        • Declination - Point on the celestial sphere.
      • Polaris = +90 (straight up from north pole)
        • Appears fixed in the night sky because in relation to the Earth it's above the north pole, the axis in which the Earth rotates.
      • Circumpolar stars
        • Stars (close to Polaris in our case) that are seen all year round
      • Use of planesphere or programme to plan observing sessions
      • Messier catalogue
    • Physical properties
      • Stars in constellation have no revelation to each other
        • Stars in  a cluster are gravitationally bound
      • Binary stars are two stars orbiting a central point
      • Apparent magnitude scale
        • Use the scale of apparent magnitude
      • Parallax
      • Parsecs
        • distance at which one astronomical unit subtends an angle on one arcsecond
      • Absolute magnitude is the actual brightness of a star
      • Inverse square law of light
        • Intensity = 1/distance*2
      • M=m+5-5logd
      • Cepheid variables
        • Draw curves
          • Determine light period from said curve
            • (hint look at time scale x-axis, peak to peak)
        • Used to detirmine distance
          • Using its apparent and absaloute magnitudes
      • Identify binary star from light period
        • Large dips in light vs small dips in light
      • Information from spectrum
        • Elements in stars
      • Untitled
    • Evolution of stars
      • Life cycle of stars
        • Large mass
          • Stellar nebula
            • Main sequence massive star
              • Red supergiant
                • Supernova
                  • Neutron star
                    • Extremely dense
                    • Very small radius compared to main sequence stars
                  • Blackhole
                    • Extreme gravity
                    • Densest thing in the known universe
                    • Emit radiation
                    • Not visible through opitcal
            • Main sequence star
              • Red giant
                • Planetary nebula
                  • White dwarf
        • solar mass
          • Stellar nebula
            • Main sequence massive star
              • Red supergiant
                • Supernova
                  • Neutron star
                    • Extremely dense
                    • Very small radius compared to main sequence stars
                  • Blackhole
                    • Extreme gravity
                    • Densest thing in the known universe
                    • Emit radiation
                    • Not visible through opitcal
            • Main sequence star
              • Red giant
                • Planetary nebula
                  • White dwarf
      • Emission and absorption and open clusters
        • Birth of a star
      • Planetary and supernovae
        • Death of star

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