Standards and Dialects
Mindmap mapping the topic of standards and dialects
- Created by: Zoe
- Created on: 18-12-13 17:44
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- Standards and Dialects
- What is a dialect?
- Subdivision of a language
- Differs from other forms on phonological levels
- Differs from other forms on grammatical levels
- Differs from other forms on lexical levels
- Complex and rule governed
- No better/worse than other forms
- Often but not always defined by geography
- ACCENT
- Differences in phonphon
- VARIETY
- Useful term used to describe a distinct form (neutral)
- VERNACULAR
- Defined by Labov as the most casual form of speech, used when speakers are least conscious of their speech
- Languages and Dialects
- All languages exhibit internal variation
- A language is a sum of its varieties and dialects
- Dialects are usually related to one another historically
- Structurally similar
- Lexically similar
- Not all dialects of a language are mutually intelligible
- Mutually intelligible speakers may speak different languages
- A language is a powerful dialect
- Has become so due no non-linguistic factors
- All languages exhibit internal variation
- Prestige
- STANDARDISATION
- Whether the variety has been approved by institutions
- Codified into a dictionary/grammar
- Used for prestigious texts
- Whether the variety has been approved by institutions
- VITALITY
- Whether there is a living community of speakers who use the code or whether it's dead/dying
- HISTORICITY
- Whether the speakers have a sense of the longevity of their code
- AUTONOMY
- Whether speakers consider their code to be substantially different from others
- REDUCTION
- Whether speakers consider their code to be a subvariety or a small code in its own right
- Whether it has a reduced set of social functions
- Whether speakers consider their code to be a subvariety or a small code in its own right
- MIXTURE
- Whether speakers consider their language 'pure' or a mixture of other languages
- 'UNOFFICIAL' NORMS
- Whether speakers have a sense of 'good' and 'bad' varieties of the code
- Process of Standardisation (Haugen 1966)
- 1. SELECTION
- of 1 dialect above others
- 2. CODIFICATION
- largely through education system
- 3. ELABORATION
- Increase in functions and range of uses of the code
- 4. ACCEPTANCE
- By the community at large of the code as the 'standard' form
- 1. SELECTION
- STANDARDISATION
- What is a dialect?
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