Stalin's Modernisation of Russia
- Created by: Georgia
- Created on: 26-11-17 13:03
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- Stalin's Modernization of Russia in 1920s
- Why?
- To create a communist society
- Part of the communist theory required most of the population to be industrial workers.
- in 1928, only 1/5 of Russians were
- Part of the communist theory required most of the population to be industrial workers.
- To increase food supply
- Stalin wanted more people to work in factories
- Stalin wanted to sell grain abroad to buy new farming supplies
- To increase military strength
- WW1 had shown that a country could only win a modern war if it had the industry to do so
- To rival capitalist societies
- Like USA
- Stalin wanted the USSR to be self-sufficient
- He wanted to improve standard of living so people would value communism
- To create a communist society
- How?
- Achieved through 3 Five-Year Plans
- He set targets in key areas of industry with the hope that these plans would allow workers to know what they needed to do by 1929
- Five-Year Plans
- Set up after Stalin ended NEP by GOSPLAN
- Worked in a hierarchical structure
- GOSPLAN set plans to industry -> Regions set plans for each factory -> Factories set plans for each foreman -> Foreman set targets for each worker
- First One
- 1928-1932
- Focused on major industries
- Major achievements
- Most targets not met
- New cities were built to get the natural resources in more remote areas and workers were moved to urban areas
- Second One
- Still focused on heavy industry but other areas were also industrialized
- Such as mining for minerals which increased massively
- Transport and communication boosted
- Railways and canals built
- Biggest project -> Moscow underground
- Still focused on heavy industry but other areas were also industrialized
- 1928-1938
- Third (Final) One
- Stalin also wanted to industrialize agriculture
- Some factories switched to production of consumer goods, but this was disrupted by WW2
- Agriculture
- Needed to industrialize for the success of the Five Year Plans
- The populations was growing and more food was needed
- As of 1928, country 2mil tons short of grain needed
- Farming wasn't designed for industrialization
- Farms were too small and peasants too poor
- Peasants were happy and saw no point in changing their lives
- Led to collectivization in 1929
- Collectivization and the Kulaks
- Government tried to bribe peasants into Collectivization
- Peasants were wary of the government and the speed of collectivization
- They didn't like that they were being asked to change their lives
- Kulaks refused to give over their land and so Stalin turned his propaganda against them
- Requisition parties began taking the food the government demanded and left the peasants to starve
- Kulaks were arrested and sent to labour camps while they kulaks themselves burnt their crops and slaughtered their animals so the government couldn't have them
- Needed to industrialize for the success of the Five Year Plans
- Why?
- Kulaks - High income framers
- Definitions
- Communism - The ideology brought into Russia in the 1900s
- Definitions
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