B1.4-5 Specialisation in Plant and Animal Cells
- Created by: Amber
- Created on: 11-06-18 18:15
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- Specialisation in Animal Cells
- Specialisation in Plant Cells
- Root hair cells are on the surface of plant roots, which grow into long "hairs". They help take up water and mineral ions for the plant.
- Adaptations
- Greatly increase surfacearea available for water to move into cell
- Large permanent vacuole - speeds up osmosis from soil into the cell
- Many mitochondria - transfer energy needed for active transport of mineral ions into cell.
- Adaptations
- Photosynthetic sells help the plant to absorb as much light needed for photosynthesis
- Adaptations
- Chloroplasts - contain chlorophyll that trap light needed for photosynthesis
- Continous layers - maximises the light absorption
- Large permanent vacuole - keeps cell rigid through osmosis
- keeps leaf spread out to absorb light.
- with photosynthetic tissue it keeps the stem supported
- Adaptations
- Xylem is the transport tissue in plants that carries water and mineral ions from the roots to the highest leaves and shoots.The xylem is also important in supporting the plant
- Adaptations
- Lignin builds up in cell walls and cells die. Long hollow tubes formed to allow water and mineral ions to move easily in plant.
- Spirals and rings of lignin make them strong and able to withstand pressure of the water moving up plant.
- Adaptations
- Phloem is the specialised transport tissue that carries the food made by photosynthesis around the plant
- Adaptations
- Phloem cells form tubes but they do not die. Dissolved food moves up and down the tubes.
- Cell walls between cells break to form sieve plates - water carrying dissolved food can move freely up and down tubes.
- Mitochondria in companion cells transfer energy to make dissolved food move up and down.
- Adaptations
- Root hair cells are on the surface of plant roots, which grow into long "hairs". They help take up water and mineral ions for the plant.
- Nerve cells- are specialised to carry electrical impulses around the body of an animal
- Adaptations
- Multiple dendrites - make connections to other nerve cells
- Axon - carries nerve impulse from one place to another
- Synapses - pass impulses between nerve cell and muscle cell in the body using special transmitter chemicals
- Adaptations
- Muscle cells are specialised cells that contract and relax
- Adaptations
- Special proteins - slide over each other making fibres contract
- Mitochondria - transfer energy for chemical reactions as cells contract and relax
- Glycogen storage - chemical broken down and used in cellular respiration by mitochondria to transfer energy needed for fibres to contract
- Adaptations
- Sperm cells need to get the genetic material from the male parent to the egg
- Adaptations
- Long tail - helps sperm to swim
- Acrosome - stores digestive enzymes for breaking down egg
- Nucleus - contains the genetic info to be passed on.
- The middle section is full of mitochondria, which transfers energy needed for the tail to work.
- Adaptations
- Specialisation in Plant Cells
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