Philip II
- Created by: CAugust100
- Created on: 06-01-18 14:41
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- Philip II
- General policies
- Philip II saw himself as an instrument of God's will
- This too was the case for how he viewed Castile and Portugal
- However, this didn't affect many of his policies concerning other religions
- He was still conservative in his approach to foreign policy
- Philip's aim was "Not to wage war so that he can add to his kingdom, but to wage peace so he can keep the lands he has"
- Venetian ambassador Michele Suriano in 1559
- Philip's aim was "Not to wage war so that he can add to his kingdom, but to wage peace so he can keep the lands he has"
- He was still conservative in his approach to foreign policy
- However, this didn't affect many of his policies concerning other religions
- Philip however rarely took initiatives on his own volition
- Philip's father, Charles saw himself as the bulwark of Christendom against the Turks
- Philip also aimed to continue this attitude and took the lead in preserving the system Charles had put in place
- The system spread from Spain to the edges of Poland
- Philip sought to expand this by sending emissaries to Poland in 1572, but to no success
- This system worked closely together with different parts and states maintaining different roles
- This system was devised to directly managed components not ruled by Philip himself
- This system was also useful in dealing with Protestantism in North-Western Europe
- The system spread from Spain to the edges of Poland
- Philip also aimed to continue this attitude and took the lead in preserving the system Charles had put in place
- This too was the case for how he viewed Castile and Portugal
- The Spanish Road
- The Spanish Road was a land access to middle Europe used by the Spaniards throughout Philip's reign
- Constant diplomacy was required as the land laid in the lands of their allies who were subsequently threatened by Philip's enemies
- The Spanish Road came into thorough use in 1567 when the Duke of Alba led 10,000 soldiers towards the Netherlands
- The Spanish Road was a land access to middle Europe used by the Spaniards throughout Philip's reign
- He built the Spanish armada from 7 ships to over 100
- Philip II saw himself as an instrument of God's will
- Portugal
- Philip was 3rd in line for the Portuguese crown after the death of king Sebastian I in 1578
- After Sebastian's death there was a scramble for the Portuguese throne
- Sebastian's original successor, Henry had a vow of celibacy and was nearing his death, which prompted those in line to prepare for a scramble for the throne
- In 1580 Henry died and the Cortes failed to designate a successor
- Dom Antonio emerged as Philip's biggest rival despite Henry's attempts to block him
- Antonio had the support of the commoners
- Philip had the support of the nobles who were in debt to him as well as merchants whose business was interlinked with Seville
- Dom Antonio used the confusion to seize Lisbon, where upon the commoners proclaimed him king
- The nobility however proclaimed Philip king and outlawed Antonio
- Philip prepared a military campaign which by Autumn had secured Philip the throne
- The Spanish military executed plans encircling Portuguese regions and worked closely with the Spanish armada
- The Portuguese army consisted mainly of commoners and was quickly crushed by the professional Spaniards
- Dom Antonio among others became fugitives and fled to France in 1581
- He remained a thorn in Philip's side until his death in 1595
- He led a major attempt to liberate Portugal in 1589 which was swiftly dealt with by a Spanish response which saw only a few skirmishes
- Dom Antonio among others became fugitives and fled to France in 1581
- The Portuguese army consisted mainly of commoners and was quickly crushed by the professional Spaniards
- The Spanish military executed plans encircling Portuguese regions and worked closely with the Spanish armada
- Philip prepared a military campaign which by Autumn had secured Philip the throne
- The nobility however proclaimed Philip king and outlawed Antonio
- Antonio had the support of the commoners
- Dom Antonio emerged as Philip's biggest rival despite Henry's attempts to block him
- In 1580 Henry died and the Cortes failed to designate a successor
- Philip made a formal entry into Portugal in December 1580
- He was accompanied by his nephew Archduke Albert
- Philip dressed in Portuguese fashion and tried his best to use his mothers language
- This is largely reflective of how Philip managed Portugal
- In 1581 Philip swore to uphold the liberties of Portugal
- There was little Inquisition in Portugal and little herecy
- The Portuguese government were well developed and required no major reforms
- He attempted to integrate Portugal into Spain, but allowed them to remain a separate entity
- He married Portuguese nobility into his monarchy
- He broke down the customs barrier between Castile ann Portugal
- In 1582 Philip in a Carta Patente announced that Portugal had the right to govern itself
- However Philip remained the King
- He attempted to integrate Portugal into Spain, but allowed them to remain a separate entity
- The Portuguese government were well developed and required no major reforms
- This is largely reflective of how Philip managed Portugal
- Sebastian's original successor, Henry had a vow of celibacy and was nearing his death, which prompted those in line to prepare for a scramble for the throne
- After Sebastian's death there was a scramble for the Portuguese throne
- Philip was 3rd in line for the Portuguese crown after the death of king Sebastian I in 1578
- General policies
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