Space (part 3)

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  • Space
    • The Big Bang
      • Initially, all the matter in the universe occuped a very small space
      • Then it 'exploded' under intense heat and pressure
      • Estimates of the age of the universe are difficult, as it is hard to tell how much the rate of expansion has changed
    • Life cycle of stars
      • Initially, they form from clouds of dust and gas
      • The force of gravity makes the gas and dust spiral together to form a protostar
      • There is a stable period called a main sequence star and this lasts for several billion years
      • The hydrogen runs out and it swells to a red giant
      • A small star becomes unstable and forms a planetary nebula, then a white dwarf
      • Big stars explode into a supernova, which then forms a neutron star or black hole
    • Galileo and Copernicus
      • Copernicus
        • Copernican model states the sun is the centre of the universe (heliocentric)
        • The planets orbit the sun
      • Galileo
        • Observed Venus had phases
        • If Copenicus was right, Venus could move infront and behind the sun
        • If the Ptolemaic model was right, Venus would always be infront of the sun

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