Source Revision
- Created by: K4typ
- Created on: 14-05-18 14:31
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- Source Revision
- WW1
- Developments in weaponary
- Weapons developments where decisive
- 2nd Battle of Ypres 1915 Poison gas by Germans
- Tanks destroyed bardbed wire
- Not always effective
- Tanks vulnerable to artillery
- often broke down
- Gas blown back at Loos in 1915
- Penny Packets as at Somme
- Tanks vulnerable to artillery
- Weapons developments where decisive
- Hpw far did alliances determine outcome
- They determine outcome
- Resources US brought to the war in 1918 were crucial
- Germany was weakened by collapse of allies, Bulgaria, Turkey and Astro- Hungary
- Surrender of Russia 1917 put strain on Britain and Russia
- Alience between UK + FR --> Foch
- Coordination of Allies --> collapse of German allies
- Alliences allowed chance for coordinated attacks
- Other factors determined outcome
- German home front collapsed due to naval blockade
- Political Unrest in Germany- people wanted the war to end
- Mobile tactics were reintroduced with development of mobile infiltration and use of storm stroopers
- The Use of Surprise along with sheer scale of assault was important in July and august 1918 allied counter attacks
- These attacks where mobile and flexible due to improvements in engines and motorised vehicles
- They determine outcome
- Poor Leadership
- Did not understand modern warfare and where reluctant to use new technology
- They only studied short wars and not the american civil war
- Belief in morale and willpower
- Commanders did not anticipate trench warfare
- Clung to use of cavalry
- Leadership was not poor
- Generals where often killed in action
- The British developed the creeping barrage
- Units developed initiative
- 1918 storm troopers where developed
- Developed coridnated attacks
- Developments in weaponary
- American Civil War
- Quality of Leadership
- Confederacy
- Lee
- Napoleonic leadership shown by Lee. Good relationship with men
- Jackson
- For standing like a stonewall inspired troops at 1st Bull run
- Lee
- Union
- Grant
- Saw need to deal with the nature and character of war
- Joint strategy combining Army and Navy
- Allowed him to take fortress of Vicksburg 1863
- Battle of Wilderness he lost 17,000
- Grant was able to see the war as a whole was decisive
- Often drunk, forced his troops to endure casualties and frontal assaults
- Grant
- Confederacy
- Developments in transport
- Transport developments were significant
- Steamboats could carry enough supplies for 40,000 + 18,000 horses for two days
- Other factors secured north victory
- Blockade of the south not effective
- South did not fight as one unit
- The south was not willing to sacrifice
- Lsck of Nationalism
- Battles fought around key rail centers, Chattanooga, Nashville and Atlanta
- Shermans sweep south sustained by rail
- Transport developments were significant
- south's failure to gain alliences
- did effect outcome
- Alliences would have helped to gain weapons
- Would have helped them to get economic support
- Supplies could have extended war by two years
- South able to sustain war from 1861 to 1865 without allies against superior economic enemy
- Other factors that led to defeat
- North Population two and a half times greater
- iNDUSTRIAL production 9 times greater
- North had more men and guns
- Divisions over slavery
- did effect outcome
- economic factors and organisation
- North
- North manufactured 90% of arms + most iron
- Better leadership
- Efficent tax system.
- War boosted mechanisation of industries
- South
- Jefferson seen as weak
- Southern economy was bad and did not finance the war through enough taxes
- 1.5 billion printed confederate dollars --> inflation 700% in 1863
- No South was better than north
- South
- Had better weapons than North Lee Enfield rifles at Vicksburg
- Effectively launched invasions of the North
- Davis had more military experience than Lincoln
- The south maintained a higher proportion of its population in arms
- Despite suffering 260,000 casualties and 200,000 wounded they held out to the last
- South saw off initial attacks at Vicksburg in 1862
- Lee was well supported at Gettysburg but made the mistake of using frontal assaults
- North
- North saw unrest, policies where unpopular
- Opposition from Copper-heads
- Lincoln suspended duries and trials
- 1864 the north decided on a campaign of economic destruction
- Later stages North had numerical superiority
- South
- North
- Quality of Leadership
- French revolution
- Success of Napoleon
- Yes he was a successful general
- Out of the 60 battles he fought he lost 7
- Wellington Claimed he was worth 40,000 in the field
- He implemented the corps system
- No he wasn't
- 1800, 1815 1.5 million enlisted half became casualties
- He wouldn't delegate so commanders could not learn from him
- Carnot Made the biggest developments eg assault columns mixed order
- He used up 600,000 troops in spain
- Costly and unnecessary battle at Lodi
- He repulsed attacks using interior lines of communications
- Yes he was a successful general
- Developments in weaponry
- Did effect
- Battle of Fluerus 1794 Hot air balloon used to observe Austrian movement
- Valmy September 1792 used artillery pieces at extreme range
- Did effect
- Weakness of Coalitions
- Yes they where weak
- Napoleon could make seperate peace agreements with them
- No formal alliances
- Although allied did not share plans
- No they wont
- Treaty of Chaumont 1914
- Defeat at Waterloo 1815
- Sucess of revolutinary armies
- Columns made less of a target for enemy
- Discipline was imposed on them by Napoleon in italy - led to strong fighting force
- Levee en mass raised over a million men
- French able to support large armies through empire
- Yes they where weak
- Organisation state
- yes the state was organised
- Right to take all resources not define between civilian + soliders
- Levee on Mass 1793
- enforce military style discipline, punish profiteering, defeatism + political opposition _ conscript citizens
- Total resources employed to defend revolution. Ideology confirmed by victory.
- No it wasn't
- Internal tension and inflation
- Loss of support in Later stages of War
- yes the state was organised
- Success of Napoleon
- WW1
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