Soul, mind and body (1)

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  • Created by: ekenny5
  • Created on: 06-12-20 12:47
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  • Soul, Mind and Body
    • Beliefs
      • Monism  is the belief that the soul and body are two aspects, but they cannot be separated or exist without each other
        • The soul dies as the body dies
      • Dualism is the belief that there are two separate parts to human beings, body and soul. the soul can exist without the body
        • The soul survives death
      • Materialism is the belief that living things have just one element, the body. There is no life after death
    • Plato
      • possibly the most famous dualist
      • Wrote Phaedo 'on the soul'. It's a dialogue between him and Socrates before his execution
      • He argues that the body is less important than the soul. The body is part of the empirical world (which he doesn't trust)
        • The body is made of particulars, which are imperfect and are pale imitations of the World of the Forms
          • the body is a hinderance to the soul, prevents it from seeking knowledge
        • Not trustworthy source of knowledge
      • The body is a source of endless trouble
      • The soul is 'simple', cannot change or lose or gain characteristics
        • It does not start or cease to exist, it enables us to have true knowledge
          • This knowledge comes from the world of the forms, where our souls were in the past and where they want to return to
        • The soul was pulled to earth and incarnated into a human body
          • It pulls people towards the world of the forms and allows access to pure knowledge
            • \When a body dies, soul will either be reincarnated into another body or return to the realm of the forms
            • The soul is the very likeness of the divine
      • The tripartite soul
        • the soul is made up of three elements
          • reason, desire and spirit
          • a good man is one who can keep the three parts in balance. strive to harmonise the soul
      • The argument of knowledge - we have knowledge from the souls prior existence
        • The argument from the cycle of opposites
          • the body and soul are opposites like life and death, dark and light
    • Descartes
      • considered to be the heir of Platonic thinking on the soul
        • adopted perhaps the most extreme form of substance dualism
      • we can doubt all thinks, except the fact that we are doubting
        • Cogito ergo sum
          • I think therefore I am
      • The body can be doubted but the soul's existence cannot so they must be separate and distinct
      • The body as  mechanical and our soul is like a pilot
        • valued a priori knowledge over a posteriori knowledge (like plato)
          • the immortal soul is the source of consciousness
      • There is a little gland in the brain where the soul exercises its functions more particularly than in any other part of the body
        • From 'The passions of the soul'
        • He refers here to the penial gland
          • he claims this is the seat of imagination and common sense

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