Sociology / Psychology 2 - SEMESTER 3 & 4
- Created by: ggmonkey
- Created on: 08-01-20 13:53
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- Perception and misperception
- Definitions
- Sensation
- Detecting the presence of a stimuli by sensory organs
- Perception
- Recognition, integration and interpretation of raw information
- Bottom Up
- Perception is only driven by physical characteristics of stimuli
- Realist view of world is objective
- Patterns of light are all that are needed
- Knowing the truth does not change perception
- Things further away move slower
- Top Down
- Combines sensory data with expectations and experience
- Perceptual bias
- If depressed, person seees more negative before than good
- Perceptual grouping - phone number chunking
- Effect of past experiences - can't unsee dog in spots picture
- Brain likes to complete shapes
- Deliberate choice effect - What you chose is best even if they're the same
- Sensation
- Measuring perception
- Qualitative
- How much does it hurt?
- Self reporting, subjective
- How much does it hurt?
- Quantitative
- Absolute threshold
- Minimum stimulus required to percieve stimulation
- Amount needed for alcohol and drugs can be lower in alcohol and drug users
- Subliminal priming
- Stimulus shown at speeds which are too quick for concous recognition
- Illegal coke advertising
- Absolute threshold
- Qualitative
- Clinical Pfractice
- Emotion
- Depression patients will not percieve informotion accurately
- Expectation
- Familiar symptoms will be ignored as not serious
- Motivation
- Interpret information more to do with what they need
- Age
- Decresed ability to ingnore incorrect information
- Attention
- Conciousness can only hold 7 things at one time
- Attention blindness
- Conciousness can only hold 7 things at one time
- Emotion
- Definitions
- Pain
- Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience asscociated with actul or potential tissue damage
- You can have pain without nocioception
- Nocioception
- Responce to a noxious stimulus
- Types
- Neuropathic
- Dysfunction in somato-sensory system
- Nocioceptive
- Signal in tissues
- Acute
- Chronic
- Neuropathic
- Early pain theory
- Either damage or hysteria
- Bottom up
- Beecher
- Linked psychology to pain tolerance
- Open-hidden paradigm
- Pain killers only work if you know you're talking them
- General sensitisation
- Decrease in threshold for what causes pain
- Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience asscociated with actul or potential tissue damage
- Informal Carers
- Community Care Act - Patients can not be discharged without a care package
- Healthcare is the same anywhere in the country, social care is not
- Caring about carers 1999
- Carers should be supported and doctors should look after their health
- The carers act 2005
- All carers entitled to an assessment of their needs
- New responsibilities for local authorities
- All carers entitled to an assessment of their needs
- Carers mght have to give up own careers to look after someone
- Physical labour
- Loss of personal autonomy - need support
- Partners feel angry with condition eventhough its not their fault
- Loss, bereavement and grief
- Loss
- Separated from someone or something we were emotionally attached to
- Losses that happen out of sequence can be even more distressing
- Separated from someone or something we were emotionally attached to
- Grief
- Normal emotional reaction to loss
- Cognitive, social, behavioural, physical, somatic
- Normal emotional reaction to loss
- Mourning
- Public display of grief
- Cultural and social spects
- Public display of grief
- Acute responce
- Disbelief
- Agitation
- Disrupted sleep
- Long term responce
- Social withdrawal
- Restlessness
- Less concentration
- Models
- Dual process
- Person goes back and forth between confrontation and avoidance
- They can do tasks which are loss orientated or restoration orientated
- Person goes back and forth between confrontation and avoidance
- Kubler-Ross
- Denial, Avoidance, Bargining, Depression, Acceptance
- Not linear, stages may repeat
- Denial, Avoidance, Bargining, Depression, Acceptance
- Dual process
- Health of bereaved people can be compromised, higher mortlity rates
- Exersise may no longer happen, neglect early disease signs, meals interupted, less self care
- Complicated grief
- Abnormally severe or prolonged
- Sudden, violent, suicide, multiple makes responce worse
- Previous problems, low support, disenfranchised grief make it harder
- Loss
- Psychological Interventions
- Goal is to change beliefs, behaviour and mood
- Reduce post-op pain and anxiety
- Modify bad heath habits
- Smoking
- Drinking
- Drugs
- Managinging changes in chronic illness
- Stress management
- Cognitive
- 3 Levels of thinking
- Autonomic thoughts
- Involutary and situation specific - NAT's
- Underlying rules and assumptions
- Unhealthy when we or others fall below standards
- Core beliefs (Cognitive shcema)
- Perception of who we are , formd when young
- Autonomic thoughts
- Habitual ways of thinking
- Catastrophising
- Absolutic dichotomous
- Self monitoring, cognitive reconstruction, motivational interviewing, distraction
- 3 Levels of thinking
- Behavioural
- Therory that behaviour is learned so can be re-learned
- Modelling
- Learning from others
- Relaxation
- Easy to learn, not helpful in schizophrenia
- Exposure
- Flooding and systematic desensitisation
- Modelling
- Therory that behaviour is learned so can be re-learned
- Combined
- Coping and managing themselves
- Education, homework and relapse prevention
- Coping and managing themselves
- Goal is to change beliefs, behaviour and mood
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