Sociology - Education (Tripartite System)

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  • The Tripartite System
    • The Butler Act of 1944 made secondary education free and compulsory for all up to age 15. This was increased to 16 in 1972.
      • The Act had 2 objectives: increase the skills of the labour force by education working class children and create a fairer society where the working class have equal opportunity.
    • Meritocracy - where people's positions and rewards are achieved through a person's talent and qualifications that they've earned.
      • Grammar schools - attended predominantly by upper/middle class. Required highest score on 11+ exam. Offered academic curriculum such as GCEs and A levels with subjects such as classics, literature and maths.
      • Secondary Modern School - attended by the majority of pupils who were mostly from working class backgrounds. They were seen to be less academic and they had little opportunity to take external exams. They did subjects such as music, cooking and PE.
      • Technical School - lower middle and skilled working class for less academic students who had practical ability and they were educated to be technicians and engineers. Only a few of these schools were opened as they were very expensive.
    • Criticisms of the tripartite system are that the 11+ was unreliable, the selection process was unfair, no equality of status, social class divisions and it created self-fulfilling prophecies.
    • The system was abolished for the Comprehensive system in 1965. Approximately 163 grammar schools remain to this day in places such as Kent and London.

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