SOCIOLOGY: BELIEFS IN SOCIETY, RELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS NRM'S AND FUNDAMENTALISM,

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  • Religious organisations 2
    • Wallis: New Religious Movements -
      • spread through films, shops, seminars, meetings, music and TV
      • they are individualised, loose-knit, and make few demands on members
      • world rejecting: clearly religious, clear notion of God, critical of outside world, members must cut off former life, 'brainwashing'
      • world accommodating: neither accept or reject outside world, religious not worldly matters, want to restore spiritual purity
      • world affirming: not highly organised, access to spiritual powers, optimistic and promise of success, tolerant of other beliefs, members = customers
    • NRM's according to Stark and Bainbridge
      • audience cult: the client is a passive consumer, they may read books/attend lectures but there is no necessary ongoing relationship
        • e.g. scientology which began from a book
      • client cult: relationship is similar to a doctor-patient one, cult is a service provider, they choose when how often and long they wish to receive the services.
      • cult movement: one looks to fulfil the spiritual needs of customers. relationship more traditional, some expect more commitment than others.
    • Drane (1999)
      • suggests new age movements have grown as a result of failure of science as a belief system. sense that science would solve the worlds problems but it created new ones
    • fundamentalism
      • seen as a consequence of post-mod society, religion is now 'watered down'
      • all major world religions have seen fundamentalist actions to try and return religious roots.
      • C21st examples
        • increasing influence of NRM's in USA
        • rise of Zionism
        • Islamic fundamentalism in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Afghan
      • characteristics
        • interprets texts selectively
        • intolerant of other religions
        • patriarchal control and religion shapes behaviour

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