Sociologists - Education
- Created by: hamie029.210
- Created on: 22-04-19 16:40
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- Education
- Ball, Bowe and Gewirtz
- focus on the effects that parental choice and competition between schools has on the education system, in particular whether it leads to greater inequality
- argue that marketisation and educational reform reinforce the advantages of middle-class parents and make education less equal
- schools are now more concerned with attracting gifted and advantaged students rather than with helping disadvantaged ones
- argue that marketisation and educational reform reinforce the advantages of middle-class parents and make education less equal
- focus on the effects that parental choice and competition between schools has on the education system, in particular whether it leads to greater inequality
- Parsons
- Education is the main agency of socialisation in modern society
- it acts as a bridge between the family and society, and prepares children for their adult roles
- prepares children to enter the wider society by treating everyone in terms of universalistic standards and by operating on the basis of achieved status
- schools promote two key values
- achievement
- having been through school, people accept being rewarded differently based on achievement as long as there are equal opportunities
- equality of opportunity
- having been through school, people accept being rewarded differently based on achievement as long as there are equal opportunities
- equality of opportunity
- achievement
- role allocation
- education system matches individuals to their future jobs and status in society, based on talents and ability
- in a meritocracy, the most able reach the top jobs
- education system matches individuals to their future jobs and status in society, based on talents and ability
- Education is the main agency of socialisation in modern society
- Ball
- undertook a case study on banding and teacher expectations
- some students' behaviour changed over time as a result of the band they were placed in
- Ball linked this to teacher expectations of each band
- each band was taught differently and followed different educational routes
- Ball linked this to teacher expectations of each band
- students were less polarised when mixed-ability groups were introduced
- teachers, however, continued to label middle-class students as the most able and cooperative
- this labelling was reflected in exam results
- teachers, however, continued to label middle-class students as the most able and cooperative
- some students' behaviour changed over time as a result of the band they were placed in
- undertook a case study on banding and teacher expectations
- Durkheim
- Main function of education is to transmit society's norms and values
- eg. subjects like history instill shared norms and values, and encourage children to see themselves as part of society
- through snactions att school and by respecting the school rules, children learn to respect rules in general
- education equips children with the skills they will need for their future work roles
- Main function of education is to transmit society's norms and values
- Halsey, Heath and Ridge
- examined the social class origins and educational destinations of a large sample of men
- social class was based on their father's occupation and split into 3 groups
- the intermediate class (eg. clerical workers)
- the service class (eg. higher-grade professionals)
- the working class (eg. manual workers in industry)
- found evidence of social class inequalities in edcation
- eg. a boy from the service class was 11x more likely to go to university than a working-class boy
- social class was based on their father's occupation and split into 3 groups
- examined the social class origins and educational destinations of a large sample of men
- Bowles and Gintis
- Main role of the education system is to reproduce a workforce with the necessary qualities to meet the needs of the capitalist economy
- use the term 'correspondence principle' to describe the way education and work connect or fit together in capitalist society
- eg. in school and the workplace, there is a rigid hierarchy of authority with rues and discipline
- use the term 'correspondence principle' to describe the way education and work connect or fit together in capitalist society
- Main role of the education system is to reproduce a workforce with the necessary qualities to meet the needs of the capitalist economy
- Willis
- carried out a study on 12 working-class boys
- argues that their counter-school culture prepares them for working-class jobs and the shop-floor culture
- shows how working-class boys end up in working-class jobs in a capitalist economy
- the class structure is reproduced over time
- education does not socialise the boys into becoming passive and docile workers for capitalism
- the boys challenged authority figures at school on a daily basis
- emphasises the workings of the counter-school culture rather than the power of the education system in the socialisation process in explaining why working-class students end up in working-class jobs
- the boys challenged authority figures at school on a daily basis
- education does not socialise the boys into becoming passive and docile workers for capitalism
- the class structure is reproduced over time
- shows how working-class boys end up in working-class jobs in a capitalist economy
- argues that their counter-school culture prepares them for working-class jobs and the shop-floor culture
- carried out a study on 12 working-class boys
- Ball, Bowe and Gewirtz
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