Society in Russia under Nicholas II AQA specific

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  • Villages
    • Society
      • Land
        • Lots of Russia's land was unsuitable for farming so it was in short supply
          • Population had increased by 50% between 1860 and 1897 which added to the problem
        • Peasants still using ancient farming methods
        • Divided into large fields, each family allotted a ***** of field
          • Division of land was organised by peasant councils called mirs
      • Religion
        • Society was very religious and because of this many peasants were loyal to the Tsar
          • Russian Church preached that the Tsar had been placed in his position by God
          • Priests would tell them every week that they must be loyal subjects
        • Not all peasants were loyal and religious
          • Many resented the amount of land the aristocracy, Church and Tsar owned
            • Many supported the SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONARIES
      • Aristocracy
        • Vast differences in living conditions of aristocracy compared with villages & cities
        • Made up 1.5% of population but owned 25% of land
        • Key part of Tsar's government
          • Local officials
          • dominated local assemblies (ZEMSTVA)
          • Most were loyal to the Tsar & wanted to keep Russian society how it was
    • 80% of Russia's population were peasants who lived in communes
    • Prosperous peasants called Kulaks (During Stalin's rule he killed/ imprisoned them all)
    • Famine and starvation were common
    • Life expectancy of peasant was 40 years

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