Social Psychological Explanations
- Created by: ayshgillespie
- Created on: 25-02-14 18:44
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- Social Psychological Explanations
- Social Learning Theory
- Vicarious learning
- Learn effective behaviour and display
- More likely to be imitated if
- Admires or identifies with observed
- Similar age
- Positive reinforcement
- Requires following conditions
- Attention - must attend to behaviour
- Retention - if worth doing needs to be put in LTM
- Production - physically capable
- Motivation - through positive reinforcement
- Support
- Bandura - 3 to 5 year olds shown aggressive and non aggressive behaviour
- Bandura and Walters - Children given motivation to model aggressive behaviour
- Bandura and Walters - Offered rewards this time for performing behaviour, same amounts of imitative acts
- Phillips - Higher homicide rates after boxing match
- Explains imitation in absence of direct reinforcement, explains individual differences = perceived, high reliability
- Cultural differences - !Kung San do not reward aggression and are not aggressive = absence of model and learning = no agression
- Issues
- Lacks ecological validity - artificial envrionment, Bobo doll meant to be hit
- Repeated on clown
- Demand characteristics - fulfilling expectation
- More non modelled aggression in experimental
- Reductionist- Flanagan suggests testosterone most important
- Lacks ecological validity - artificial envrionment, Bobo doll meant to be hit
- Vicarious learning
- Deindividuation
- Psychological state where in a group normal restraints on behaviour are weakened
- Situations that encourage it
- Being in a crowd - less identifiable, loss of individuality and self awareness
- Anonymity - faceless, non accountable
- Uniform - anonymity
- Drugs and alcohol - loss of inhibitions
- Support
- Zimbardo - deinviduated condition shocked for twice as long
- Rehm et al - schoolchildren in orange shirts more aggressive
- Mullen - More savagery when lynch mob was greater
- Prentice Dunn et al - when submerged into group, self focus is lost
- Lab experiments, ecological validity in Mullen, universal phenomenon = tribes
- Issues
- Gender
- Cannavale et al - male and females respond differently
- Diener et al - greater disinhibition of aggression in males
- Group norms
- Johnson and Dowing - made anonymous by KKK or nurses uniforms. People responded to normative cues in social context
- Pro social behaviour
- Spivey and Prentice Dunn - depends on situational factors such as a prosocial model = PP's more altruistic acts
- Francis et al - adolescents more comfortable seeking help if anonymous
- Gender
- Social Learning Theory
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