PSYA4- Learning models
- Created by: amberoliviashortman
- Created on: 24-02-15 21:03
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- learning (behavioural) models of addictive beheviours
- classical conditioning
- an unconditioned stimulus produces an unconditioned response. if the US is frequently associated with a conditioned stimulus then it produces the same conditioned response
- however this is reductionist to assume a cause and effect
- an unconditioned stimulus produces an unconditioned response. if the US is frequently associated with a conditioned stimulus then it produces the same conditioned response
- views addiction as any other behaviour/ can be unlearned/ degrees of addiction
- operant conditioning
- behaviours are likely to be repeated if they are rewarded in some way
- positive reinforcement - the reward is a desirable consequence e.g. feeling relaxed
- negative reinforcement - the reward is the removal of an unpleasant consequence
- rewards vary from substance to individual and some rewards be more significant in certain contexts e.g. depression or with friends; drug use becomes the discriminative stimulus
- e.g.when depressed peter takes drugs and finds the temporary euphoria a rewarding experience, so he repeats when he feels depressed, depression is the discriminative stimulus for drug use
- behaviours are likely to be repeated if they are rewarded in some way
- Social learning theory
- we do not need to directly suffer the consequences of an action, we can learn by observing others e.g. if we observe significant people drinking or smoking it appears rewarding
- cognitive labelling model
- an emotional experience is the relationship between physiological arousal and its cognitive interpretation
- e.g. smelling alcohol leads to increased heart rate, the cognitive label is having fun
- an emotional experience is the relationship between physiological arousal and its cognitive interpretation
- outcome expectancy model
- a person with addictive behaviour has certain expectations when confronted with cues in the environment for the addictive substance
- e.g. seeing people drinking at a party and having fun makes you realise how much you enjoy drinking
- a person with addictive behaviour has certain expectations when confronted with cues in the environment for the addictive substance
- classical conditioning
- the unconditionditioned stimulus can be internal or external
- an unconditioned stimulus produces an unconditioned response. if the US is frequently associated with a conditioned stimulus then it produces the same conditioned response
- however this is reductionist to assume a cause and effect
- an unconditioned stimulus produces an unconditioned response. if the US is frequently associated with a conditioned stimulus then it produces the same conditioned response
- however this is reductionist- people are exposed to the same substances but some addict and some don't so there must be a genetic cause making them more susceptible to these substances
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