Social Facilitation
- Created by: FraserHarold
- Created on: 13-04-14 16:48
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- Social Facilitation
- The tendency for people to perform better on tasks in the presence of others
- Social Inhibition
- The tendency for people to perform worse on tasks in the presence of others
- Dominant Responses
- Most likely response to be given in a certain situation
- Most usual, appropriate or best practiced
- Most likely response to be given in a certain situation
- Arousal Theory
- Michaels et al Study
- Pool players observed from a far, classed as average or below ave.
- Shot accuracy recorded from players unknowingly observed
- Then recorded when they know they're being observed
- AVE - increase shot accuracy by 9%
- BELOW AV - decrease shot accuracy by 11%
- Then recorded when they know they're being observed
- Shot accuracy recorded from players unknowingly observed
- Pool players observed from a far, classed as average or below ave.
- People put in a state of arousal and alertness by presence of others
- Arousal acts as a drive to bring out a dominant response
- Easy Task, DRs are usually correct, facilitation
- Harder Task, DRs are usually incorrect, inhibition
- Arousal acts as a drive to bring out a dominant response
- Zajonc Study
- Cockroaches either in pairs or alone
- On an easy track(straight) or hard track (bends)
- Easy track, better in pairs
- Hard track, better alone
- When alone with a cockroach audience, facilitation on easy, inhibition on hard
- On an easy track(straight) or hard track (bends)
- Cockroaches either in pairs or alone
- Yerkes-Dodson Law
- Performance is best at optimal arousal levels
- At low or high arousal levels, performance is worse
- Explains why competent performers can perform badly in front of audience
- Michaels et al Study
- Evaluation Apprehension Theory
- The anxiety of having a performance evaluated raises arousal, not mere presence of others
- We learn to fear evaluation when others are around
- Dominant responses brought out due to arousal increase
- We learn to fear evaluation when others are around
- Henchy and Glass Study
- Assessed typing ability in 4 conditions
- Alone, with 2 experts, with 2 non-experts, alone but filmed for later eval.
- Facilitation of dominant responses in conditions 2 and 4
- Alone, with 2 experts, with 2 non-experts, alone but filmed for later eval.
- Assessed typing ability in 4 conditions
- In studies where the audience is blindfolded, evaluation can't happen, so no facilitation
- The anxiety of having a performance evaluated raises arousal, not mere presence of others
- Distraction-Conflict Theory
- Presence of others causes attention of performer to divide between audience and task
- Conflict causes arousal increase, brining dominant responses
- Lack of concentration leads to worse performance
- Impaired performance on hard tasks. Improved performance on simple tasks
- Conflict causes arousal increase, brining dominant responses
- Impaired performance on hard tasks. Improved performance on simple tasks
- Sanders et al Study
- Simple and complex digit copying task. In coaction with another.
- Co-actor was doing same task or different task
- Same task was the distraction condition
- Number of mistakes made was measured
- Distraction condition saw complex task inhibited and simple task facilitated
- Number of mistakes made was measured
- Same task was the distraction condition
- Co-actor was doing same task or different task
- Simple and complex digit copying task. In coaction with another.
- Presence of others causes attention of performer to divide between audience and task
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