Social control and crime
- Created by: parvos98
- Created on: 09-06-15 14:33
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- Social Control
- Formal
- Social control of crime organised by the government, forces of law and order and the state. These tend to work on the concept of negative social reinforcement, like prison.
- Perspectives.
- Durkheim
- Without social laws on deviance, society would collapse. The law exists to define a boundary line between deviance and social norms.
- Punishment reflects level of societal evolution.
- Mechanistic / primitive= retribution or direct punishment, like execution.
- Organic/ Complex = restitutive punishment such as prison and rehab.
- Marxist
- Hall and Chambliss
- Formal social control only serves the ruling-class as a tool of oppression.
- Reiman
- outlawing acts that are often only performed by working-class, ignoring more harmful acts by the ruling-class.
- Althusser
- Repressive state apparatus.
- Rusche and Kircheimer.
- Punishments of working-class reflect the interests of the ruling-class. Slavery= Manual labour.
- Hall and Chambliss
- Durkheim
- Examples
- Prison
- Execution
- public punishment
- Informal
- Control on crime that is manifested in daily society, such as with the community or family. Peers that press us into social conformity.
- Types
- Individual social control
- Hirschi
- Attachment. How much do we care about someone elses wishes and safety?
- Commitment- What have we got to lose from crime?
- Involvement- How much time have we got for crime?
- Belief-How much do we care about the law?
- Hirschi
- Family social control
- Farrington and West
- Crime is based on poor socialisation and a poor family life.
- More criminals come from families with criminal fathers.
- Dennis and Erdos
- Decline in role of fathers has weakened external patterns of social control from communities and families.
- Decline of paternal socialisation is a generation-wide social change.
- Farrington and West
- Community and social control.
- Murray
- Underclass. No desire for paid employment, one night stands, and illegitimate children.
- Right Realist attitude.
- Murray
- Individual social control
- Criticisms.
- Critical criminology.
- Scraton
- Deviance is an indication of class conflict, reflecting the fight between the working and upper-classes.
- Scraton
- Left Realism
- Matthews and Young
- Decline in community and anti-social behaviour is harmful to working class
- Matthews and Young
- Critical criminology.
- Late-modern perspectives- combining informal and formal control.
- Foucault
- Social control = "discipline".
- Pre- mod= public and physical punishment. In order to dazzle people with the "majesty of the law".
- By late modernity- discipline has changed.
- Extended and diffused in society, more agents of social control and bureaucracy.
- Moved away from physical punishment, to more subtle reprimands. People "police" themselves with fear of punishment.
- Surveillance society. People are always being watched in a societal "panopticon".
- Social control = "discipline".
- Cohen
- Penetration- The laws penetrates social boundaries, with conformity present in schools, media and private companies all enforce social control.
- Size and density- There are thousands of people working in the law and state, controlling more people by extending its reach (with imposing new laws for people to break "ASBO".)
- Identity and visibility- Cohen argues that control and punishment are much more subtle, with hidden CCTV, tags and curfews. Also, more private security companies are acting as police (bouncers).
- Foucault
- Formal
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