Social movements in the UK
- Created by: meliasyd
- Created on: 20-05-19 09:03
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- Social Movements
- Pressure Groups
- Differences
- Pressure groups = formal structure and organisation eg. recognisable leader
- Social movements = informal, no recognisable figurehead or organisation 'organic'
- Pressure groups usually have an official internet presence and a way supporters can engage with the cause
- Social movements often cover many issues - causal pressure groups promote a single issue
- Pressure groups = formal, registered members Social movements = supporters
- Sectional pressure groups have limited and exclusive membership whereas social movements are open to any form of support
- Pressure group = directly influence government policy via access points / lobbying Social movements = aim to influence public opinion / gain media attention
- Pressure groups = formal structure and organisation eg. recognisable leader
- Similarities
- Both seek to influence politics
- With different aims; pressure groups = policy, social movements = opinion
- Differences
- Pressure groups = formal structure and organisation eg. recognisable leader
- Social movements = informal, no recognisable figurehead or organisation 'organic'
- Pressure groups usually have an official internet presence and a way supporters can engage with the cause
- Social movements often cover many issues - causal pressure groups promote a single issue
- Pressure groups = formal, registered members Social movements = supporters
- Sectional pressure groups have limited and exclusive membership whereas social movements are open to any form of support
- Pressure group = directly influence government policy via access points / lobbying Social movements = aim to influence public opinion / gain media attention
- Pressure groups = formal structure and organisation eg. recognisable leader
- Differences
- With different aims; pressure groups = policy, social movements = opinion
- A form of active participation
- Both want to gain wide support for cause
- Can use similar methods eg. direct action
- Pressure groups often arise from social movements
- Both can represent cross-party issues and have membership from all political parties
- Both seek to influence politics
- Differences
- Membership and aims
- Aims are usually in resistance to or advocating radical social or political change
- eg. feminist movement in resistance to Donald Trump
- eg. Arab Spring - resistance to oppressive government regime
- eg. March for our lives, promoting gun control legislation
- Membership can be of individuals directly affected by the subject or political activists inspired by the movement
- eg. Stop the War campaign - many pressure groups, politicians, celebrities and members of the public resisting Iraq war
- eg. Suffragette movement - disenfranchised women
- Spontaneous coming together of people whose relationships are not defined by rules and procedures but who merely share a common outlook on society.
- Aims are usually in resistance to or advocating radical social or political change
- Social movements are loosely organised but sustained campaigns in support of a social goal, typically either the implementation or the prevention of a change in society’s structure or values.
- Methods and resources
- Peaceful protests eg. civil rights movement
- All methods of direct action
- Civil resistance eg. extinction rebellion / fridays 4 future
- Sustained action
- Cyberactivism eg. use of twitter / hashtags as a way of congregating
- Marches - arguably most common eg. women's march
- Visible signs of solidarity / support eg. times up, white roses
- Global nature
- If social movements pick up widespread support and media attention they can become global
- eg. Arab spring - 13 countries involved similar uprisings
- eg. fridays 4 future - started by Greta Thunberg from Sweden, spread all over Europe
- Women's movement
- Refers to a series of political campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women's suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence
- Began with women's suffrage and the campaign for the right to vote in late 19th century
- Has continued to the present day with campaigns such as Time's up and #metoo in the wake of sexual harassment
- Sucesses
- 1918- British Women given right to vote
- Various legislation since in the UK regarding Female Genital Mutilation and a recent Act on upskirting
- Failures
- Many nations (particularly in the Middle East) still have legislation and attitudes which discriminate against Women.
- Alabama Abortion Bill May 2019 - banning abortion, arguably infringing women's rights
- Environmental movement
- Large movement encompassing many events which have taken place since the first decades of the 20th century
- Advocating sustainable use of resources, recognition of the effects of industrialisation and the use of 'green' and environmentally friendly options
- Includes many pressure groups; extinction rebellion, greenpeace. Political parties; The Green Party. Celebrities: David Attenborough, Leonardo Dicaprio
- Recent movements in pop culture brought into mainstream media: eg. Earth - Lil Dicky
- Fridays 4 Future protesting climate change
- David Attenborough highlighting the effects of plastic on the oceans in Blue Planet
- Sucesses
- Creation of posts to monitor eg. Department for environment - secretary
- Government targets eg. reducing emissions by 2025
- Parliamentary declaration of climate emergency in May 2019 led by Jeremy Corbyn in direct response to student protests
- Opposing HS2 led to pushing back and potential scrapping
- Failures
- Many targets will not be reached,failing to protect endangered species, reduce agricultural polution
- The value of convenience is higher than government will to change legislation
- Governmental targets are often set for many years in advance eg. removal of petrol and diesel by 2040
- Suggestion it will be 'too late' at that stage, irreversible damage by 2030
- Pressure Groups
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