pe mind map
- Created by: rebeccapj
- Created on: 02-11-17 16:44
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- Social Learning Theories
- Operant Conditioning
- Definition: operant conditioning is an example of a associationist view of learning.
- Associationist - a group of theories elated to connecting stimulus and response. Often referred to s-r theories. an individual is conditioned by a stimuli which are connected or 'bonded' to appropriate responses.
- Skinner believed that conditioning was moe effective through manipulating behaviour towards a stimulus rather than modifying stimulus.
- skinner used a rat in a box with a lever that gave a food pellet every time it was pressed. this is operant conditioning
- conditioning only occurs if reinforcement is present.
- Reinforcement: the pocess increases he probability of a behaviour occurring reinforcement strengthens the s-r bond. ~ positive - the stimulus is give when the desired response occurs. ~negative - the stimulus is withdrawn when the desired response occurs. ~punishment - giving a stimulus to prevent a response occurring. e.g. do 30 burpees
- Thorndike's Law's
- Law of Exercise~ repeating or rehearsing the S-R connecting is more likely to strengthen them. If the desired response occurs, reinforcement is necessary.
- Law of Effect~ if a bond is followed by a 'satisfier' then the S-R bond is strengthened. if the response is followed by an 'annoyer' then the S-R bond is weakened. This means the pleasant outcome are likely to motivate the performer to repeat the action.
- Law of Readiness~ The performer must be physically and mentally able to complete the task effectively.
- Bandura's Theory of Social Learning/ Observational Learning Theory
- The theory looks at how we learn form watching others and copying their behaviour. Those of a high status (significant other) are much more likely to be copied than people we deem as unimportant e.g. parents, teachers, role models.
- the person being observed is called a 'model' it is used in sport by coaches to demonstrate a new skill to a performer.
- bandura was the main theorist for this and used the bobo doll experiment as proof of this theory. the children were influenced by the model and replicated the behaviour of aggression after the stimulus was shown .
- Modelling can effect our performance though 4 processes attention , retention, motor reproduction and modification.
- Cognitive Theories of Learning
- It is known as the Gestaltist theory. Gestaltist means 'entirely' and 'wholeness'. They think we perceive objects as a whole, rather than a collection of parts e.g. playing a game instead of learning skills separately.
- We often learn taking into account our environment and how we use our memories and previous knowledge . we continuously receive information from our surroundings.
- Insight is facilitated by past experiences but is a high form of learning and needs mental reasoning and intelligence. it also helps develop problem solving.
- Operant Conditioning
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