Social Influence

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  • Created by: XmyG111
  • Created on: 02-05-21 18:02
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  • Social Influence Knowledge
    • Conformity
      • Types of Conformity
        • Internalisation
          • An internal and external change in behaviour. Deepest level of conformity.
        • Compliance
          • Agree in public, but privately disagrees. Behaviour stops when pressure stops.
        • Identification
          • Conforms to the demands of a given social roles. No change to internal personal opinion.
      • Explanations for Conformity
        • Normative Social Influence
          • Desire to be liked. Conforms to fit in with the group because they do not want to be left out. Changes their public behaviour but not private beliefs. Cognitive process. NSI tends to lead to compliance
        • Informational Social Influence
          • Desire to be right. Occurs when a person is unsure of a situation. Emotional process. ISI usually leads to Internalisation
      • Factors Affecting Conformity
        • Group Size
          • The bigger the majority group, the more people conformed. One confederate  = 3% conformity Two confederates = 13% conformity. Three confederates = 32% conformity
        • Unanimity
          • A person is more likely to conform when all members of the group agree to give the same answer. Asch found that even the presence of one confederate going against the majority can reduce conformity as much as 80%
        • Task Difficulty
          • When the task was made more difficult (lines closer together), conformity increased.
    • Obedience
      • Agentic State
        • People will obey an authority figure when they believe that the authority will take responsibility. Acts as an agent. A shift from the autonomous state to the agentic state.
      • Legitimacy of Authority
        • Most societies are hierarchal Their authority is legitimate if it is agreed by society. People learn from a young age to obey authority figures.
      • Situational Factors
        • Uniform
          • The researcher wore 'normal' clothes. Obedience dropped to 20%
        • Location
          • The study was set in a run down building. Obedience levels dropped  to 47.5%
        • Proximity
          • Touch Proximity: Researcher had to force their hand down onto the electroshock plate. Obedience dropped to 30%
          • Remote Instruction: The researcher left the room and gave instructions via the phone. Obedience dropped to 20%
          • Same Room: Placed in the same room and could see each other. Obedience dropped to 40%
      • Authoritarian Personality
        • RESEARCH: Adorno et al. 2000 middle class white Americans and their unconscious attitudes towards other racial groups.
        • AP TRAITS: Very obedient to authority. Extreme respect. Submissive to authority. Dislike to others with lower social status. Highly conventional attitudes. Traditional values. Inflexible in their thoughts.
      • Social Support
        • Resisting Conformity
          • The pressure to conform is reduced if there are other people who are not conforming. The other person acts as a role model.
        • Resisting Obedience
          • Social support can help reduce obedience. The other person acts as a role model.
      • Locus of Control
        • High Internal
          • Perceive themselves as having a great deal of control over their behaviour. They are therefore more likely to take responsibility for their behaviour. What happens is seen as a produce of their own ability and effort.
        • High External
          • They believe what happens  is down to things being caused by external factors. E.g. fate, luck, parents, teachers etc.
    • Minority Influence
      • Main Processes
        • Consistency
          • The minority have to be consistent in their view. Synchronic: the minority all say the same thing. Diachronic: they have been saying the same thing for a long time. Consistency makes people rethink their view.
        • Commitment
          • The minority have to take risks to show that what they believe in is worthwhile. Have to demonstrate commitment to the cause/their beliefs.
        • Flexibility
          • Consistency can sometimes be interpreted negatively. Being too consistent can be a bit off-putting: makes them seem inflexible and rigid. Minority have to accept counter arguments, and adapt their POV accordingly. They need a balance.
      • Social Change
        • Social Crypto- amnesia
        • Snowball Effect
        • Augmentation Principle
        • Drawing attention to an issue
        • Consistency
        • Deeper Processing / Cognitive Conflict
      • Role of Minority Influence
        • Learning from Obedience
          • Once a small instruction is obeyed, it becomes more difficult to resist a bigger one. (Foot-in-the-door/Door-in-the-face)
        • Learning from Conformity
          • People alter their behaviour to fit the group norm. (NSI)

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