effects of smoking
- Created by: vezting
- Created on: 03-04-16 16:54
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- Smoking
- damage to cardiovascular system
- atheroclerosis
- hardening of arteries dur to athermos
- atheromas contain LDL
- atheromas begin when there is damage to artery wall allowing LDL to enter and collectin thw wall
- build up of LDL initiates and immune response and white blood cells build up
- over time white blood cells, lipids and connective tissue harden to form plaques- atheromas
- nicotene and carbon monoxide increase blood pressure, damaging the arter wall, leading to atheromas
- CDH
- CDH is when the arteries that supply the heart with blood have lots of atheromas, reducing blood, reducing oxygen
- lack of oxygen causes pain (angina) or a heart attack
- carbon monoxide irreversibly combines with haemoglobin reducing available oxygen to body and heart
- nicotene makes platelets sticky increasing chnace of blood clots, this could happen in conorary arteries
- stents can be use to treat CHD by widening arteries and increasing blood flow
- stroke
- caused by clot in artery supplying brain to blood. therfore oxygen cannot enter brain
- smoking increases chances by the same reasoning as CHD
- atheroclerosis
- damage to gas exchange system
- lung cancer
- cigarette smoke contain carcinogens
- carcinogens cause mutations in the DNA whoich can cause uncontrolled growth and tumors
- maloignant tumors continue to grow, blocking air flow areas to lungs, so leads to shortness of breath due to lack of oxygen
- tumors use lots of nutrients and therfore cause weight loss
- chronic bronchitis
- long-term inflamation of the mucous membrane lining the bronchi
- tar in cigarette smoke causes damage to cillia and causes goblet cells to secrete too much mucus
- mucus accumilates in the lungs which causes increase to coughing
- microorganisms multiply in the mucus increasing infections
- this leads to inflamation which comprimises gas exchange
- emphysema
- chronic lung disease involving break down of alveoili
- tar causes a build up of mucus, which attracts phagocytes and they secrete enzymes which break down the protein elastin
- the loss of elastin and alveoli mean the cant recoil to expel air. it remains trapped, breaking down the walls, reducing surface area
- COPD
- chronic bronchitis
- long-term inflamation of the mucous membrane lining the bronchi
- tar in cigarette smoke causes damage to cillia and causes goblet cells to secrete too much mucus
- mucus accumilates in the lungs which causes increase to coughing
- microorganisms multiply in the mucus increasing infections
- this leads to inflamation which comprimises gas exchange
- chronic bronchitis
- this reduces oxygen flow to body and so person feels fatigued
- lung cancer
- damage to cardiovascular system
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