The Classification of skills

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  • Skills
    • Type of skill
      • Muscular involvement
        • Gross - fine
          • The level of precision that the movement requires.
            • Gross
              • Large muscle movements
              • E.g a rugby tackle
            • Fine
              • Small muscle groups. More precise - hand eye coordination
              • E.g  throwing a dart / a snooker shot
      • Environmental influence
        • Open - closed.
          • The effects of the environment on the skill.
            • Open
              • Take place in an unpredictableenvironment / externally paced
              • e.g a pass in football / a tennis return affected by the position of the opponent.
            • Closed
              • Predictable environment. Self paced. No need to adapt technique.
              • e.g a long jump / a free throw in basketball.
      • Organisation
        • Low - High
          • Subroutines combine to produce a skill / how it can be taught.
            • High
              • Complicated skills / difficult to divide into subroutines
              • e.g pole vault
      • Continuity
        • discrete - serial - continuous
    • Transfer of skill
      • Positive transfer
        • a pre learnt skill has a beneficial effect on learning a new skill
          • for example a conversion in rugby and a goal kick in football
      • Negative transfer
        • previously learnt skill has detrimental effect
          • the skill may be difficult to change. i.e a cricket catch and a goalie catch
      • Proactive transfer
        • previously learnt skill has an impact on the learning of a future skill
      • Retroactive transfer
        • The current learning of a skill has an impact on a previously learnt skill
      • Bilateral transfer
        • transfer of a skill from one side of the boy to the opposing side
          • e.g a right footed footballer practising with his left foot
    • Learning theories
      • Operant Conditioning
      • Thorndike laws
      • Cognitive theories of learning

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