Skeletal system
- Created by: mariakeenan
- Created on: 29-04-18 19:25
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- Skeletal system
- Vertebral column
- The vertebral column is divided into five main sections and each contains a specific number of vertebrae.
- There are 33 vertebrae in total – the upper 24 vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other..
- The lower nine vertebrae are fused – the sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae and the coccyx is made up of four fused together.
- Functions of the skeletal system
- Movement
- the skeleton allows movement of the body as a whole and its individual parts.
- The bones act as levers and also form joints that allow muscles to pull on them and produce joint movements.
- the skeleton allows movement of the body as a whole and its individual parts.
- Support and protection
- the bones of the skeleton provide support for the body and also protect the organs found within it.
- For example, the cranium protects the brain, the ribs offer protection to the heart and lungs.
- the vertebrae protect the spinal cord and the pelvis offers protection to the sensitive reproductive organs.
- For example, the cranium protects the brain, the ribs offer protection to the heart and lungs.
- the bones of the skeleton provide support for the body and also protect the organs found within it.
- Production of blood cells
- certain bones in the skeleton contain red bone marrow and the bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
- Examples of bones that contain marrow are the pelvis, sternum, vertebrae and clavicle.
- certain bones in the skeleton contain red bone marrow and the bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
- Storage of minerals
- the bones themselves are made of minerals and act as a mineral store for calcium and phosphorous, which can be given up if the body requires the minerals for other functions.
- Attachment of muscles
- the bones of the skeleton provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles.
- This is why bones are often irregular shapes and have bony points and grooves to provide attachment points.
- the bones of the skeleton provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles.
- Movement
- Joints
- A joint is a place where two or more bones meet and is also called an articulation.
- The role of joints and connective tissue
- Connective tissues consist of ligaments, cartilage and tendons.
- A joint is held together by ligaments which give the joints their stability.
- Cartilage is found at the ends of bones and where joints meet.
- Tendons attach muscles to the skeleton.
- Muscular system
- The muscular system works in conjunction with the skeleton to produce movement of the limbs and body.
- Ligaments and tendons are two main types of connective tissues that help the muscular-skeletal system produce movements.
- Ligaments
- attach bone to bone
- act to give stability to joints
- are tough, white and inelastic
- Tendons
- attach muscle to bone
- carry the force from muscle contraction to the bone
- are tough, greyish and inelastic
- The muscles contract to pull on the bones to produce movements. Joints are able to move in a variety of directions to allow us to perform a range of sporting movements.
- Ligaments
- Vertebral column
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