Situational Variables
- Created by: Rachaelshannonx
- Created on: 13-01-20 17:03
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- Situational Variables
- Proximity
- The physical closeness/ distance of an authority figure to the person they are giving an order to. Milgram - 65% in original setting VS 20.5% when experimenter gave orders over the phone.
- Location
- The place where an order is issued, status/ prestige of location. Milgram - 65% in uni lab VS 47.5% in run down building.
- Uniform
- People in positions of authority often have a specific outfit that is symbolic of their authority (eg) police officer. Milgram - 65% in original study VS 20% with 'member of the public (normal clothes).
- Research support
- Bickman (1974) New York field study, pts were asked to do tasks such as pick up litter, give confederate a coin for the parking metre. 3 uniforms for confederates: milkman, suit & security guard. people were 2x more likely to obey security guard than suit.
- Lack of internal validity
- Orne & Holland's criticism of pts guessing the study was even more clear in his variations, with Milgram also agreeing with the 'member of the public' variation.
- Cross-cultural replications
- Miranda (1981) found an obedience rate of over 90% in Spanish students, so Milgram's findings aren't limited to only Americans or only males. But most replications have taken place in individualist cultures such as Spain & Australia.
- Proximity
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