Short term memory
- Created by: RahmaM
- Created on: 24-12-14 12:37
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- Short term memory
- Duration
- PETERSON and PETERSON 1959
- Aim: How long STM last for if rehearsal is prevented
- Procedure: 24 participants shown trigrams, then asked to count backwards in 3s, then recall the trigram
- Findings: Able to recall 80% of trigrams after 3 second interval. Time increased = fewer trigrams remembered. After 18 seconds less than 10% trigrams were recalled
- Procedure: 24 participants shown trigrams, then asked to count backwards in 3s, then recall the trigram
- Conclusion: Duration of STM is short if rehearsal is prevented
- AO2 Participants may of been relying on more than STM, they knew they were going to be asked to recall trigrams
- AO2 Artificial. Trigrams have no real relevance or meaning to people, lacks ecological validity.
- Aim: How long STM last for if rehearsal is prevented
- Measure in seconds and minutes
- PETERSON and PETERSON 1959
- Encoding
- CONRAD 1964
- Aim: To discover the effects of acoustic coding in STM
- Procedure: Participants shown random sequence of six consonants then asked to write them down
- Condition 1: Letters acoustically similar (B,G,C,T,V)
- Condition 2: Letters acoustically dissimilar (F,I,X,M,S)
- Participants made many mistakes when trying to write them in order. Found it harder to recall string of similar sounding letters
- Procedure: Participants shown random sequence of six consonants then asked to write them down
- Aim: To discover the effects of acoustic coding in STM
- Some studies show STM relies on visual coding.
- Brandimore et al 1992 participants used visual coding if given a visual task and prevented from doing verbal rehearsal .. They'd say la la la before performing visual task
- Acoustic or visual
- CONRAD 1964
- Capacity
- JACOBS 1887
- Procedure: Participants shown string of digits or letters, asked to repeat them back in same order. Increased digits every time
- Conclusion: Average span for digits was 9.3 Average span for letters was 7.3
- Procedure: Participants shown string of digits or letters, asked to repeat them back in same order. Increased digits every time
- MILLER 1956
- The magic number 7 +/- 2. Span of immediate memory is 7. Participants could remember 7 dots
- People did better when chunking things
- COWAN 2001 STM limited to about 4 chunks
- JACOBS 1887
- Procedure: Participants shown string of digits or letters, asked to repeat them back in same order. Increased digits every time
- Conclusion: Average span for digits was 9.3 Average span for letters was 7.3
- Procedure: Participants shown string of digits or letters, asked to repeat them back in same order. Increased digits every time
- SIMON 1974
- Shorter memory span for larger chunks
- JACOBS 1887
- The magic number 7 +/- 2. Span of immediate memory is 7. Participants could remember 7 dots
- SIMON 1974
- Shorter memory span for larger chunks
- Limited, less than 7 chunks
- JACOBS 1887
- Memory of immediate events. Memories last only for short time and disappear unless they are rehearsed
- Duration
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