Shaffer and Emerson AO3
- Created by: Jordan64
- Created on: 14-08-17 23:06
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- Shaffer and Emerson AO3
- Strength: external validity
- Observations made by parents during ordinary activities and reported to researchers
- Behaviour of the babies not affected by observers
- Likely that participants behaved naturally while being observed
- Behaviour of the babies not affected by observers
- Observations made by parents during ordinary activities and reported to researchers
- Strength: Longitudinally
- Same children followed up and observed regularly
- Better internal validity: no confounding variables or individual differences
- High internal validity: clear cause and effect relationship
- Likely that participants behaved naturally while being observed
- High internal validity: clear cause and effect relationship
- Better internal validity: no confounding variables or individual differences
- Same children followed up and observed regularly
- Limitation: method of assessing attachment criticised
- Baby distress when individual leaves may not mean that the individual is a 'true' attachment figure
- Bowlby (1969): children may be distressed when playmate leaves room, but this doesn't signify attachment to them
- Shaffer and Emerson's stages of attachment may not distinguish between behaviour shown towards secondary attachment figures and towards playmates
- Bowlby (1969): children may be distressed when playmate leaves room, but this doesn't signify attachment to them
- Baby distress when individual leaves may not mean that the individual is a 'true' attachment figure
- Limitation: difficulty in studying asocial year
- Important interactions may take place during the 'asocial' year
- Babies at this stage have poor coordination and fairly immobile: difficult judge based on observations of their behaviour
- Babies may be social during asocial stage, so more research may be needed
- Babies at this stage have poor coordination and fairly immobile: difficult judge based on observations of their behaviour
- Important interactions may take place during the 'asocial' year
- Limitation: conflicting evidence on timing of multiple attachments
- Bowlby (1969): most babies form attachments to primary caregiver before they develop multiple attachments
- Multiple attachments appear from the outset in cultures where multiple attachments normal (Ijzendoorn 1993)
- Babies in collectivist cultures may have different stages than babies in individualist cultures
- Multiple attachments appear from the outset in cultures where multiple attachments normal (Ijzendoorn 1993)
- Bowlby (1969): most babies form attachments to primary caregiver before they develop multiple attachments
- Strength: external validity
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