Sex and Gender
- Created by: silviasaobento
- Created on: 20-03-18 18:13
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- Sex and Gender
- Identity
- Sex identity: a biological term identified by hormones and chromosomes. Male or female
- Gender Identity: a physiological term identified by attitudes and behavior. The gender identity is masculine or feminine
- Male: testosterone, XY Female: oestrogen, **
- Social learning theory
- Watching and copying the behaviors of others. Involves modelling, imitation and vicarious reinforcement
- Children will model others if: they are similar, more powerful, loving towards them
- Media provides models for gender development. Shows men and women in stereotyped ways.
- Evaluation
- Well supported with lots of studies
- Doesn't bring in lone-parent households or same sex children in the same home and their differences
- It ignores the biological differences between males and females because it believes gender is learnt
- Watching and copying the behaviors of others. Involves modelling, imitation and vicarious reinforcement
- Gender schema theory
- It is the mental building block of knowledge that contains information about each gender. The gender schemas of some people are made up of stereotypes.
- At a young age children know whether they are male or female. They about genders from what they see in their environment. They have rigid and stereotyped ideas
- As they get older they learn more about each gender and their gender schemas become more flexible
- Some children remain highly stereotyped and some less
- Evaluation
- Can be seen as the most detailed. it is well supported and fits with our own experiences
- Doesn't test why some children are more gender schematized than others, why gender development begins at age 2
- Psycho dynamic theory - Freud
- Evaluation
- Based on unconscious thoughts and feelings, can't be tested
- Little evidence. Physiologists have shown theirs lo link between increase in lone-parent households and increase in homosexuals
- Physiologists have shown a wide range of people influence child's gender development
- Little Han's is only a case study and can't be generalized
- Development happens in 5 stages. 3rd is Phallic stage(3-5)
- Child unconsciously desires the opposite-sex parent and is jealous of the same sex parent.
- To deal with this the child behaves like the same sex parent - Identification
- Child unconsciously desires the opposite-sex parent and is jealous of the same sex parent.
- Gender development in boys
- Oedipus complex- Boy desires mother and is jealous of father and wants to take his place. He fears he will find out
- To deal with the anxiety he gives up feelings for mother and identifies with father. Adopts masculine gender role
- Gender development in girls
- Electra complex: girl unconsciously desires father and is jealous of mother. Fears losing her mothers love
- She identifies with her mother to resolve electra complex
- Evaluation
- Identity
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